Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 234-243 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 241 Modern studies have focused on the physiological and nutritional differences between ancient, heritage, and modern wheat varieties. Research indicates that ancient and heritage wheat varieties may have different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties compared to modern cultivars, suggesting potential health benefits. The Green Revolution and subsequent agricultural advancements have dramatically increased wheat yields, transforming global agriculture and food security. Wheat's historical significance in shaping human civilization is undeniable. From enabling the rise of early agricultural societies to becoming a staple food for billions, wheat has played a pivotal role in human development. Looking forward, the conservation and utilization of wheat's vast genetic diversity are crucial for addressing future challenges such as climate change and food security. Continued research and breeding efforts, informed by historical and genetic insights, will be essential for developing resilient and high-yielding wheat varieties that can sustain the growing global population. In conclusion, the archaeological, genetic, and modern studies of wheat provide a holistic view of its evolution and underscore its enduring importance. As we face new challenges, the lessons from wheat's past will guide us in securing its future as a cornerstone of human civilization. Acknowledgments Author thanks the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions for the manuscript.. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. 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