Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 173-184 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 177 significant associations between several chromosomal regions and these traits, particularly on chromosomes 2H and 5H. The presence of known key genes, such as HvFT1, HvCEN, and Vrs1, within these associated regions further confirmed the reliability of the study's findings. By identifying these critical genes, the research significantly enhances the understanding of the genetic basis of barley adaptation. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic foundation of agronomic traits in barley and will aid in improving barley varieties through marker-assisted selection. Figure 1 Multi-environment Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) Reveals Key Genes for Agronomic Traits in Barley (Adapted from Bustos-Korts et al., 2019) Image caption: This figure displays the results of a multi-environment genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted on 371 domesticated barley accessions. The Manhattan plots show the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the traits: (a) days to heading, (b) plant height, (c) thousand kernel weight, and (d) awn length. The blue and red lines represent the significance thresholds for multiple testing corrections at α = 0.05 and α = 0.01, respectively (Adapted from Bustos-Korts et al., 2019) Furthermore, the genetic mapping of adaptation genes in wheat, such as those controlling vernalization and photoperiod responses, has provided valuable tools for breeders. These genes play a crucial role in determining the flowering time and overall adaptability of wheat to different climates. Understanding the genetic control of these traits allows for ideotypic selection, ensuring that wheat varieties are well-suited to their target environments (Sanchez-Garcia and Bentley, 2019). Advances in genetic mapping continue to drive the development of more resilient and adaptable Triticeae crops, contributing to global food security.
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