Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 206-220 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 209 Studies have demonstrated that synthetic-derived wheat lines exhibit a broad range of genetic diversity. For instance, a study involving 422 wheat accessions, including synthetic-derived wheats, revealed high levels of genetic diversity and polymorphic information content across the A, B, and D genomes (Figure 2) (Ali et al., 2022). This diversity is not only beneficial for breeding but also for understanding the genetic architecture of important agronomic traits. Figure 2 Population structure and diversity analysis of 422 wheat accessions using 18 589 high-quality SNPs (Adopted from Ali et al., 2022) Image caption: (A) Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, (B) principal component analysis (PCA) plot, and (C) heat map of pairwise kinship matrix with the tree shown on the top and left. The SYN-DER indicates synthetic-derived wheats; PC, commercially released Pakistan cultivars; AL, advanced breeding lines (Adopted from Ali et al., 2022) 3.2 Genomic analyses and introgressions Genomic analyses have been pivotal in identifying and utilizing the genetic potential of synthetic wheat lines. Techniques such as genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been employed to map and introgress beneficial alleles from synthetic wheats into elite cultivars. For example, a GWAS conducted on a diverse panel of hexaploid bread and synthetic wheat identified 243 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for various agronomic traits, including yield, disease resistance, and grain quality (Bhatta et al., 2019). These MTAs provide valuable markers for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.
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