Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 196-205 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 196 Research Report Open Access The Impact of Hexaploid Genetics on Wheat Breeding Strategies Ming Fan,Wei Hua, Jinghuan Zhu Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: jinghuanz@163.com Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.4 doi: 10.5376/tgg.2024.15.0019 Received: 06 Jun., 2024 Accepted: 12 Jul., 2024 Published: 25 Jul., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Fan et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Fan M., Hua W., Zhu J.H., 2024, The impact of hexaploid genetics on wheat breeding strategies, Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 15(4): 196-205 (doi: 10.5376/tgg.2024.15.0019) Abstract This study explores the impact of hexaploid genetics on modern wheat breeding strategies, emphasizing the integration of advanced genomic technologies with traditional breeding methods aimed at optimizing wheat varieties for increased yield, disease resistance, and environmental adaptability. Hexaploid wheat possesses a complex AABBDD genome, offering a unique genetic resource that forms the basis for genetic improvement. Through an in-depth examination of the evolutionary pathways and genomic characteristics of hexaploid wheat, this study discusses the challenges and opportunities of utilizing this genetic diversity. The review of synthetic hexaploid wheat's role in introducing beneficial traits from wild relatives into cultivated varieties highlights the expansion of the genetic base and the enhancement of adaptability to diverse agricultural climatic conditions. The study also outlines the impact of genetic bottlenecks and the crucial role of international cooperation in the sharing of genomic resources to combat the loss of genetic diversity. The findings indicate that hexaploid genetics not only enhances our understanding of the genetic architecture of wheat but also significantly advances the capabilities of wheat breeding programs to meet global food security needs. Keywords Hexaploid wheat; Wheat breeding; Genetic diversity; Synthetic wheat; Global food security 1 Introducion Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial species in global agriculture, characterized by its complex genetic structure comprising three distinct genomes (AABBDD). This genetic composition results from the hybridization of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum, AABB) with diploid wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii, DD) (Rosyara et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2021). The hexaploid nature of wheat provides a rich source of genetic diversity, which is essential for breeding programs aimed at improving various agronomic traits. Studies have shown that synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW), created by crossing durum wheat with Aegilops tauschii, introduces novel genes and genomic regions that can enhance grain mineral concentrations and disease resistance (Bhatta et al., 2018; Szabo-Hever et al., 2018). Additionally, the genetic characterization of hexaploid wheat through techniques such as complete sequencing of chloroplast DNA and haplotype analysis has provided insights into the genetic variations and evolutionary history of this species (Gogniashvili et al., 2021). Wheat is one of the most important staple crops globally, providing a significant portion of the daily caloric intake for millions of people. It is cultivated on more land area than any other commercial crop and continues to be a critical component of food security. The adaptability of wheat to diverse environmental conditions and its ability to produce high yields make it indispensable in addressing global food demands. However, the increasing challenges posed by climate change, such as high temperatures and water scarcity, necessitate continuous improvement in wheat varieties to ensure stable and high yields (Guan et al., 2018). The genetic diversity inherent in hexaploid wheat is a valuable asset in breeding programs aimed at developing resilient and high-yielding wheat varieties (Tillett et al., 2022). The primary objective of this research is to explore the impact of hexaploid genetics on wheat breeding strategies. This study will conduct a detailed analysis of the genetic variations within hexaploid wheat and their potential implications for breeding programs. It aims to assess the potential of synthetic hexaploid wheat to introduce beneficial traits, such as enhanced grain mineral concentrations and disease resistance. Additionally, the research will evaluate the stability and yield-related traits of hexaploid wheat under various environmental conditions, with
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