Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 185-195 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 189 These findings underscore the importance of QTL mapping in identifying genomic regions that contribute to yield stability under different environmental stresses (Backes et al., 1995). Additionally, advanced backcross QTL (AB-QTL) analysis has been used to transfer favorable alleles from wild relatives of wheat into elite varieties. For example, a study involving a BC2F2 population derived from a cross between the German winter wheat variety 'Prinz' and a synthetic wheat line identified 40 putative QTLs for yield and yield components. This approach demonstrated the potential of using wild relatives to enhance the genetic diversity and agronomic performance of cultivated wheat (Tshikunde et al., 2019). Overall, QTL mapping in Triticeae species has provided valuable insights into the genetic basis of important agronomic traits, facilitating the development of improved varieties through marker-assisted selection and other breeding strategies. The integration of QTL mapping with advanced genomic tools continues to enhance our ability to dissect complex traits and apply this knowledge to crop improvement programs. 4 Implications for Triticeae Breeding and Genetics 4.1 Marker-assisted selection (MAS) Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) has revolutionized the field of plant breeding by significantly enhancing the precision and efficiency of selecting desirable traits. In Triticeae, which includes important cereal crops like wheat and barley, MAS has been instrumental in accelerating the breeding process and improving the accuracy of trait selection. The integration of DNA markers with traditional breeding methods allows for the identification and selection of plants carrying beneficial alleles at an early stage, thus reducing the time and resources required to develop new varieties (Mohan et al., 1997; Hasan et al., 2021). MAS leverages various types of molecular markers, such as Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS), to identify and track quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with important agronomic traits (Table 1) (Collard and Mackill, 2008; Song et al., 2023). For instance, the use of GBS has enabled high-throughput genotyping, which is particularly useful for large-scale breeding programs (Collard and Mackill, 2008). This approach not only accelerates the breeding cycle but also enhances the accuracy of selecting traits such as disease resistance, yield, and quality (Miedaner and Korzun, 2012). Table 1 Examples of using MAS stacking some key genes (Adopted from Song et al., 2023) Genes for MAS Receptor Marker Type Fhb1 Quaiu,Munal,Super 152,Jimai 22,Zhoumai 16 KASP[67] Pm21 Ningchun4, Ningchun47,Ningchun50 EST-STS Yr59 Chuanmai 42, Jimai 22, Xinmai 26, Zhengma9023 SSR Yr70/Lr76, Lr37/Yr17/Sr38, Gpc-B1/Yr36, QPhs.cCSu-3A.1, QGw.CCSu-1A.3, Lr24/Sr24 and Glu-A1-1/Glu-A1-2 PBW343 SSR/CAPS ML91260,Yr26,Dx5+Dy10 Xiaoyan22 SSR Bx70E,Gpc-B1 CWHWS SSR/CAPS Ax2*/Bx70E/Dx5 JM22 SSR Table caption: The table presents examples of using marker-assisted selection (MAS) to stack key genes. These examples demonstrate the use of different marker types in various receptor varieties to stack key genes, enhancing breeding efficiency and selection accuracy (Adopted from Song et al., 2023) The application of MAS in Triticeae breeding has shown promising results in improving disease resistance. For example, MAS has been successfully used to incorporate resistance genes for wheat rust, barley yellow mosaic viruses, and Fusarium head blight into elite breeding lines (Collard and Mackill, 2008). These advancements highlight the potential of MAS to address some of the most pressing challenges in Triticeae breeding, such as developing varieties that can withstand biotic and abiotic stresses.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==