Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 173-184 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 179 morphogenetic transcriptional regulators and the development of non-tissue culture-based transformation methods offer promising alternatives to overcome these bottlenecks (Altpeter et al., 2016; Anjanappa and Gruissem, 2021). Figure 2 Impact of climate change, genetic traits, and nitrogen fertilization on global wheat yields (Adapted from Pequeno et al., 2021) Image caption: This figure presents the simulated effects of climate change, crop genetic traits (CGT), and the combination of CGT with nitrogen fertilization on global wheat yields under the RCP 8.5 scenario; The top panel shows the impact of climate change on wheat yields, with red circles and numbers representing the combined data for countries in Africa and South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal). The middle panel illustrates yield changes when genetic traits (CGT) are incorporated, while the bottom panel displays the combined effect of CGT and additional nitrogen fertilization (Adapted from Pequeno et al., 2021) 6.2 Advances in genome editing Genome editing technologies, particularly the CRISPR/Cas system, have revolutionized the field of crop improvement by enabling precise and efficient modifications of plant genomes. These tools have been applied to various plant species, including Triticeae crops, to enhance yield, nutritional value, and resistance to environmental stresses (Zhang et al., 2018; Ahmar et al., 2021; Li et al., 2021). The integration of nanotechnology with genome editing has further improved transformation efficiency and reduced the time required for genetic modifications (Figure 3) (Ahmar et al., 2021). The application of nanomaterials in agriculture shows multifaceted
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==