Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 125-136 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 125 Review Article Open Access Taxonomy and Genetic Resources of Triticeae: Exploring Wild and Cultivated Species Zhengqi Ma, Zhongying Liu, Wei Wang Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: 2741098603@qq.com Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.3 doi: 10.5376/tgg.2024.15.0013 Received: 15 Apr., 2024 Accepted: 18 May., 2024 Published: 30 May., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Ma et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Ma Z.Q., Liu Z.Y., and Wang W., 2024, Taxonomy and genetic resources of Triticeae: exploring wild and cultivated species, Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 15(3): 125-136 (doi: 10.5376/tgg.2024.15.0013) Abstract As an important component of global agricultural production, the Triticeae family holds significant meanings for crop improvement and food security in terms of its classification and genetic resources research. This study discusses the taxonomic progress of Triticeae, the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated species, the protection strategies of genetic resources, and the methods of genetic improvement. By reviewing historical classification systems, analyzing the ecological roles and evolutionary significance of key species, and exploring the domestication history and agronomic traits of major cultivated species, the study aims to reveal the richness and complexity of Triticeae genetic resources. Meanwhile, facing challenges such as genetic complexity and resistance to abiotic/biotic stresses, this study emphasizes the importance of genetic resource protection and proposes directions and priorities for future research, including strengthening genetic improvement through emerging technologies and international cooperation, and providing theoretical support and resource foundation for future genetic improvement and crop breeding, thereby ensuring the sustainable utilization of Triticeae genetic resources. Keywords Triticeae; Taxonomy; Genetic resources; Genetic improvement; Protection strategy 1 Introducion The Triticeae tribe, a taxon within the Poaceae family, encompasses several of the world's most vital cereal crops, including wheat, barley, and rye, as well as numerous forage grasses (Yen and Yang, 2009). These species have been fundamental to human agriculture since the dawn of civilization, particularly in temperate regions where they serve as primary food sources (Mascher et al., 2017),. The tribe consists of approximately 325 species, with around 250 being perennials that are crucial for forage. The cultivated members of Triticeae, such as wheat and barley, are globally significant, while rye holds regional importance (Merker, 2008). The genetic diversity within this tribe is immense, providing a vast reservoir of traits that can be harnessed for crop improvement, particularly in response to environmental and biotic stresses (Feuillet et al., 2008). Understanding the taxonomy and genetic resources of the Triticeae tribe is essential for several reasons. Firstly, taxonomic classification provides a framework for identifying and categorizing species, which is crucial for the effective utilization of germplasm in breeding programs (Yen and Yang, 2009). Traditional taxonomic methods based on morphology have limitations, often leading to misclassification due to environmental influences on phenotypic traits. Modern approaches incorporating cytogenetic and molecular genomic analyses offer more accurate classifications, reflecting true phylogenetic relationships (Yen and Yang, 2009). Secondly, the genetic resources within Triticeae, including wild and weedy taxa, represent a gigantic gene pool that is invaluable for crop improvement (Bothmer et al., 2008). These resources are particularly important for enhancing traits such as drought and salt tolerance, which are critical for adapting to climate change and ensuring food security (Nevo and Chen, 2010). The integration of genetic information through databases and advanced breeding techniques further accelerates the discovery and utilization of key loci involved in plant productivity (Mochida et al., 2008). This study aims to comprehensively explore the taxonomy and genetic resources of the Triticeae family, particularly focusing on in-depth analysis of wild and cultivated species. By collecting, organizing, and analyzing a vast amount of Triticeae species information, the study intends to reveal the diversity, distribution patterns,
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