Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 137-151 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 137 Research Review Open Access High-Density Genetic Mapping in Wheat: Methodologies and Achievements Xian Zhang, Xuemei Liu Hainan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China Corresponding author: xuemei.liu@hitar.org Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.3 doi: 10.5376/tgg.2024.15.0014 Received: 20 Apr., 2024 Accepted: 24 May, 2024 Published: 05 Jun., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhang and Liu., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhang X., and Liu X.M., 2024, High-density genetic mapping in wheat: methodologies and achievements, Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 15(3): 137-151 (doi: 10.5376/tgg.2024.15.0014) Abstract This study aims to elucidate the technological advancements and applications of high-density genetic mapping methodologies in identifying genetic loci associated with key agronomic traits in wheat, thereby enhancing wheat breeding and research. High-density genetic mapping has led to several key discoveries, including the identification of numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to yield, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. High-resolution genetic maps developed using molecular markers such as SSR, SNP, and DArT, along with advanced genotyping platforms like microarrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS), have significantly improved the precision and efficiency of genetic analyses. Case studies have demonstrated the successful application of these maps in breeding programs, resulting in the development of superior wheat varieties. Additionally, the integration of multi-omics and systems biology approaches has further deepened the understanding of the genetic and environmental interactions influencing wheat traits. The advancements in high-density genetic mapping have revolutionized wheat research and breeding, providing powerful tools for dissecting complex traits and accelerating the development of improved wheat varieties. Despite challenges related to technology, biology, and resources, ongoing innovations and strategic initiatives are poised to enhance the efficacy and impact of genetic mapping efforts. These findings underscore the critical role of high-density genetic mapping in achieving sustainable agricultural practices and ensuring global food security. Keywords Wheat; High-density genetic mapping; Molecular markers; Quantitative trait loci; Multi-omics; Systems biology; Disease resistance 1 Introducion Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) stands as one of the most crucial staple crops globally, providing essential nutrients and serving as a primary food source for billions of people. The increasing global population, coupled with climate change challenges, has intensified the need for sustainable wheat production and improved crop resilience. High-density genetic mapping is a crucial tool in wheat genomics and breeding. It enables the precise identification and localization of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with important agronomic traits such as yield, disease resistance, and quality parameters. The development of high-density genetic maps facilitates the integration of genomic information from different wheat species, thereby enhancing the efficiency of marker-assisted selection and accelerating the breeding process (Maccaferri et al., 2015; Wu et al., 2015; Wen et al., 2017). Moreover, these maps provide insights into the genetic architecture of complex traits, allowing for the dissection of genetic interactions and the identification of candidate genes for further functional studies (Su et al., 2018; Guo et al., 2020). This approach not only accelerates the breeding process but also enhances understanding of the genetic basis underlying key agronomic traits, contributing to food security and agricultural sustainability. High-density genetic mapping involves the use of a large number of molecular markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs), to construct detailed linkage maps. These maps are generated by genotyping populations derived from biparental crosses or by integrating data from multiple mapping populations. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and genotyping platforms, such as the Infinium iSelect SNP assay and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), have significantly increased the throughput and resolution of genetic mapping in wheat (Poland et al., 2012; Iehisa et al., 2014; Ren et al., 2021). High-density maps not only cover the entire genome with high marker density but also provide accurate marker
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