Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 125-136 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 130 component analyses of triticale accessions from different regions have shown considerable genetic variation, which is essential for breeding programs aimed at enhancing crop performance. Figure 3 Diversity analysis of the Triticum uratuset (Adapted from Talini et al., 2019) Image caption: (a) It is a principal component analysis (PCA) based on phenotypic diversity, where the first two principal components (PCs) are displayed, different points represent different varieties, colors are classified based on their geographical origins, and vectors represent the load of original traits on derived principal components; (b) The PCA is based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity, and the point representation is the same as in Figure (a) (Adapted from Talini et al., 2019) Talini et al. (2019) were able to reveal genetic and phenotypic differences among different varieties through PCA analysis, and further investigate how these differences are influenced by environmental factors such as geography and climate (Figure 3). These differences reflect genetic diversity, where different strains have undergone long-term adaptation and evolution in different geographical environments, forming their own unique genotype and phenotype characteristics. Through PCA analysis, it is clear that this diversity is reflected at the genetic and phenotypic levels, providing important data support for the study of genetic diversity, crop breeding, and ecological adaptation. 5 Genetic Resources and Conservation 5.1 Importance of conserving triticeae genetic resources The conservation of Triticeae genetic resources is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, Triticeae, which includes economically significant crops such as wheat, barley, and rye, forms a vital part of global food security. The genetic diversity within this tribe provides a reservoir of traits that can be harnessed for crop improvement, including resistance to diseases, tolerance to abiotic stresses, and enhanced nutritional qualities (Bothmer et al., 2008; Lu and Ellstrand, 2014). The loss of genetic diversity in these crops could severely impact agricultural productivity and sustainability, making conservation efforts essential (Uauy, 2011; Guzzon and Ardenghi, 2018). 5.2 Ex situ and in situ conservation strategies Conservation strategies for Triticeae genetic resources can be broadly categorized into ex situ and in situ methods. Ex situ conservation involves the preservation of genetic material outside its natural habitat, typically in gene banks. This method allows for the long-term storage and easy accessibility of genetic resources for research and breeding purposes (Uauy, 2011). However, it is not without challenges, such as the need for accurate taxonomic identification to ensure the usability of the conserved material (Guzzon and Ardenghi, 2018).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==