Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 111-120 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 116 benefits of genetic engineering are equitably distributed and that ethical guidelines are adhered to will be critical for the responsible development and deployment of these technologies (Lu and Ellstrand, 2014). In summary, the integration of genomic tools and genetic modification techniques holds great promise for enhancing the ecological and agricultural significance of Triticeae species. By addressing both the technical and ethical challenges, researchers can contribute to the sustainable improvement of these vital crops, ultimately supporting global food security. 7 Challenges and Opportunities 7.1 Climate change and its impact onTriticeae Climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, including the cultivation of Triticeae species. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, along with rising temperatures, can adversely affect the growth and yield of these crops. One promising approach to mitigate these impacts is the use of Trichoderma species, which have been shown to enhance crop resilience to climate change. Trichoderma spp. improve photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency, thereby supporting crop productivity under adverse conditions (Kashyap et al., 2017). Additionally, the genetic diversity within perennial Triticeae species offers a vast reservoir of traits that could be harnessed to improve the resilience of annual cereal crops like wheat, barley, and rye. 7.2 Sustainable agricultural practices Sustainable agricultural practices are essential for maintaining the productivity and health of Triticeae crops. The integration of eco-friendly methods, such as the use of bioinoculants like Trichoderma spp., can play a crucial role in sustainable crop production. These fungi not only enhance plant growth and resistance to diseases but also improve tolerance to abiotic stresses, making them valuable for sustainable agriculture (Kashyap et al., 2017). Moreover, the perennial nature of many Triticeae species can contribute to soil health and reduce the need for frequent replanting, thereby promoting sustainability. 7.3 Policy and socioeconomic factors The successful implementation of strategies to enhance the ecological and agricultural significance of Triticeae requires supportive policies and consideration of socioeconomic factors. Policies that promote research and development in sustainable agricultural practices, including the use of bioinoculants and the conservation of genetic diversity, are crucial. Additionally, socioeconomic factors such as market access, farmer education, and financial incentives play a significant role in the adoption of these practices. Ensuring that farmers have the necessary resources and knowledge to implement sustainable practices is essential for the long-term success of Triticeae cultivation (Kashyap et al., 2017). In conclusion, addressing the challenges posed by climate change, adopting sustainable agricultural practices, and considering policy and socioeconomic factors are critical for enhancing the ecological and agricultural significance of Triticeae. By leveraging the genetic diversity within these species and utilizing innovative approaches like Trichoderma spp., we can improve the resilience and productivity of Triticeae crops, contributing to global food security. 8 Case Studies and Regional Perspectives 8.1 Triticeae in north America In North America, the Triticeae tribe plays a significant role in both agriculture and ecology. The region has seen extensive research into the genetic resources of Triticeae, particularly focusing on their potential for crop improvement and food security. The perennial species within the Triticeae tribe, which constitute about 75% of the species, have been underutilized despite their importance as forage grasses and their vast genetic reservoir that could enhance annual cereals like wheat, barley, and rye. The genetic diversity within these species offers a promising avenue for developing more resilient and productive crops, which is crucial for addressing food security challenges (Lu and Ellstrand, 2014).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==