Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 100-110 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 106 programs can effectively utilize wide hybridization to achieve significant genetic improvements and meet the growing demands for food security. Figure 2 Manhattan plots for all traits under multiple environments from GWAS (Adopted from Pang et al., 2020) Image caption: The y axis refers to −log10(p) for different traits, and the colors of dots refer to different environments. HD: heading date; PH, plant height; SN: spike number; SL: spike length; SNS: spikelet number per spike; GN: grain number; GS, grain setting; SC: spike compactness; TGW: thousand-grain weight; GL: grain length; GW: grain width; GLWR: grain length to width ratio (Adopted from Pang et al., 2020) 8 Future Directions and Prospects 8.1 Emerging technologies and innovations The future of wheat genetic improvement through wide hybridization is promising, particularly with the advent of emerging technologies and innovations. Recent advances in genome sequencing and sequence assembly have produced high-quality genome sequences for wheat, which can significantly accelerate the progress in wheat biology and breeding programs (Li et al., 2020). High-throughput phenotyping and genomic selection are also promising approaches that can maximize progeny screening and selection, thereby accelerating genetic gains in breeding more productive varieties (Mondal et al., 2016). Additionally, the integration of genomic prediction and simulated annealing algorithms has been shown to effectively identify high-yielding heterotic patterns, which can
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