Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 66-76 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 66 Feature Review Open Access Molecular Tools and Genomic Resources in Triticeae: Enhancing Crop Productivity Rugang Xu, Qiuxia Su Modern Agricultural Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: Qiuxia Su@cuixi.org Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.2 doi: 10.5376/tgg.2024.15.0007 Received: 03 Feb., 2024 Accepted: 06 Mar., 2024 Published: 16 Mar., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Xu and Su, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Xu R.G., and Su Q.S., 2024, Molecular tools and genomic resources in Triticeae: enhancing crop productivity, Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 15(2): 66-76 (doi: 10.5376/tgg.2024.15.0007) Abstract The Triticeae tribe, which includes essential cereal crops such as wheat and barley, is critical for global food security. Recent advancements in molecular tools and genomic resources have significantly enhanced our ability to improve crop productivity within this tribe. This study explores the latest developments in genomic technologies, genome editing tools, and phenotyping methods that are being utilized to optimize Triticeae crop breeding. Key innovations include haplotype-based approaches for precise genetic diversity identification, open-source genome assembly tools like TRITEX for constructing high-quality genome sequences, and the application of CRISPR/Cas9 for targeted mutagenesis. Additionally, the integration of plant hormonomics for deep physiological phenotyping and high-throughput phenotyping platforms are highlighted as pivotal in understanding and enhancing crop traits. These molecular and genomic advancements collectively contribute to the development of Triticeae crops with improved yield, stress tolerance, and adaptability to changing climates. Keywords Triticeae; Genomic resources; CRISPR/Cas9; Phenotyping; Crop productivity 1 Introducion The Triticeae tribe, a significant group within the Poaceae family, encompasses several major cereal crops, including wheat (Triticum spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and rye (Secale cereale) (Chen et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2023). These species are characterized by their large and complex genomes, which have been the focus of extensive genomic research due to their agricultural importance and intricate genetic histories (Rabanus-Wallace and Stein, 2019; Gao et al., 2023). Advances in sequencing technologies have facilitated the assembly of high-quality reference genomes and pan-genome studies, providing deeper insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of Triticeae species (Rabanus-Wallace and Stein, 2019; Gao et al., 2023). Triticeae crops are vital for global food security, serving as staple foods for a significant portion of the world's population and as essential sources of animal feed and industrial raw materials (Sakuma and Schnurbusch, 2020; Khalid et al., 2023). Wheat alone accounts for approximately half of the food calories consumed worldwide, highlighting its critical role in human nutrition (Khalid et al., 2023). The genetic and genomic advancements in Triticeae have enabled the identification of key traits related to yield, stress tolerance, and disease resistance, which are crucial for improving crop productivity and sustainability (Hensel, 2019; Sakuma and Schnurbusch, 2020; Kuluev et al., 2022). The application of modern biotechnological tools, such as CRISPR/Cas genome editing, has further accelerated the development of improved Triticeae varieties with enhanced agronomic traits (Hensel, 2019; Kuluev et al., 2022). This study provides a comprehensive overview of molecular tools and genomic resources for Triticeae crops, focusing on enhancing crop productivity. It summarizes advancements in genome sequencing and pan-genome analyses, discusses the genetic and molecular bases of key agronomic traits like yield potential and stress tolerance, and highlights the role of genome editing technologies in breeding programs. Future research directions and the integration of genomic resources for sustainable agriculture and food security are also explored. By synthesizing recent findings, the study offers insights into genetic and genomic strategies to enhance Triticeae crop productivity and resilience, contributing to global agricultural sustainability.
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