Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 66-76 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 73 genes and the development of robust models for predicting complex traits (Chen et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2021). These advancements will be crucial for addressing the challenges of global food security and environmental sustainability. 6.4 Policy and regulatory considerations The successful implementation of advanced genomic tools and molecular technologies in Triticeae requires supportive policy and regulatory frameworks. Policies should promote the adoption of innovative technologies while ensuring the safety and sustainability of genetically modified crops. Regulatory considerations should address the ethical, environmental, and socio-economic impacts of genome editing and other molecular breeding techniques (Li et al., 2021; Kuluev et al., 2022). International collaboration and harmonization of regulatory standards will be essential to facilitate the global exchange of knowledge and resources, thereby accelerating the development and deployment of improved Triticeae cultivars. Additionally, policies should support research and development initiatives, capacity building, and the dissemination of knowledge to ensure that the benefits of these technologies reach all stakeholders, including smallholder farmers and developing countries (Pathak et al., 2018). 7 Concluding Remarks The research on molecular tools and genomic resources in Triticeae has demonstrated significant advancements in enhancing crop productivity. The development and application of molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) have revolutionized plant breeding by increasing the accuracy and speed of developing new crop varieties. High-throughput genotyping platforms and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have enabled the sequencing of complex genomes, such as that of bread wheat, facilitating the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes associated with key agronomic traits. The integration of genomic selection (GS) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing has further accelerated the breeding process, allowing for the precise manipulation of genetic variation to improve yield, stress resistance, and quality traits. Future research should focus on the continued development and refinement of genomic tools and technologies to further enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of crop improvement programs. The integration of omics approaches, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, with traditional breeding methods will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of important traits. Additionally, the exploration of pan-genomic resources and the development of associative transcriptomics platforms will enable the identification of novel genetic markers and candidate genes for trait improvement. Research should also prioritize the development of climate-resilient crop varieties through the application of GS and advanced gene-editing techniques, addressing the challenges posed by climate change and ensuring global food security. The advancements in molecular tools and genomic resources have significantly contributed to the progress in Triticeae crop improvement. The integration of MAS, GS, and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies has opened new avenues for precise and efficient breeding, ultimately enhancing crop productivity and resilience. Continued investment in genomic research and the development of innovative breeding strategies will be crucial in meeting the growing demands for food in the face of global challenges. The collaborative efforts of researchers, breeders, and policymakers will be essential in translating these scientific advancements into practical solutions for sustainable agriculture. Acknowledgments The authors extend our sincere thanks to two anonymous peer reviewers for their invaluable feedback on the initial draft of this paper. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Brinton J., Ramírez-González R., Simmonds J., Wingen L., Orford S., Griffiths S., Haberer G., Spannagl M., Walkowiak S., Pozniak C., and Uauy C., 2020, A haplotype-led approach to increase the precision of wheat breeding, Communications Biology, 3: 712. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01413-2
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==