Triticeae Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 1-9 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 5 Molecular markers play a crucial role in wheat stress resistance breeding, providing an efficient, precise, and sustainable approach to help breeders cultivate wheat varieties that adapt to different stress conditions, thereby contributing to global food security. The continuous development and innovation in this field will continue to drive more success in wheat stress resistance breeding. 2.3 Current development of technology and tools The field of wheat stress resistance breeding has made remarkable progress in the development of technology and tools, providing wheat breeders with more choices to effectively respond to constantly changing climate and environmental conditions. With the complete interpretation of the wheat genome, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms of wheat, which provides a foundation for the identification and utilization of stress resistance genes. The advancement of molecular marker technology enables breeders to screen and select wheat varieties with target genes more quickly and accurately, thereby improving breeding efficiency. The continuous development of bioinformatics tools enables researchers to process and analyze large-scale genetic data, including wheat genome data, expression profiles, and metabolomics data. These tools help reveal the expression and regulatory mechanisms of stress resistance related genes, accelerating the research progress of stress resistance breeding. CRISPR-Cas9 and other gene editing techniques have brought new hope for wheat stress resistance breeding. By precisely editing the wheat genome, researchers can directly modify target genes to improve wheat's adaptability to adversity. The potential of this technology is constantly being demonstrated, providing broad space for innovative breeding strategies (Li et al., 2021). Traditional breeding methods still play a crucial role, but modern technology provides more possibilities for precision breeding. Breeders can selectively select parents and design mating plans based on the genetic information of wheat varieties to improve stress resistance. This helps to reduce the breeding cycle and cultivate new varieties faster. Modern agriculture also benefits from advanced environmental monitoring technologies and big data analysis, which can monitor meteorological, soil, and other environmental parameters in real-time, helping decision-makers better manage farmland and take timely measures to mitigate the adverse effects of adversity on wheat yield. In short, wheat stress resistance breeding is ushering in a technological revolution. The continuous development of technology and tools provides wheat breeders with more choices and opportunities to cultivate new varieties that are more adaptable to diverse adverse conditions, thereby helping to ensure the stability of global food supply. In the future, with further innovation and application of these technologies, we can expect more exciting breakthroughs to meet the growing demand for food. 3 Molecular Marking Strategies and Methods 3.1 QTL analysis and associated genetics QTL (Quantitative trait locus) analysis is a method of identifying gene regions associated with specific traits by measuring the association between quantitative traits and molecular markers. In the study of wheat stress resistance, QTL analysis usually involves large-scale correlation studies between genetic markers and phenotype data. By establishing genetic maps and analyzing genetic marker data, researchers can identify QTLs related to stress resistance. These QTLs can include genes related to drought resistance, disease resistance, salt tolerance, etc. Association genetics is a method of identifying related genes by analyzing the relationship between genetic diversity and phenotypic differences in natural populations. In wheat, this typically involves collecting wheat samples from different geographic populations and analyzing the correlation between their genetic data and phenotypic characteristics. This method can help identify genes related to stress resistance, especially those that function under natural conditions.
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