Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 44-55 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 52 combined with modern scientific advancements, can help address the challenges of food security and environmental sustainability (Harman et al., 2019). In conclusion, the successful cultivation of Triticeae crops, supported by regional initiatives and informed by historical contexts, plays a crucial role in enhancing global food security. The integration of genetic resources from wild relatives and the adoption of innovative agricultural practices are essential strategies for improving the resilience and productivity of these vital crops. 7 Future Directions and Suggestions 7.1 Research gaps and priorities Currently, although significant progress has been made in wheat cultivation and genetic improvement, there are still some research gaps and priorities. For example, understanding of the mechanisms of disease resistance in wheat, particularly at the genetic and molecular levels, is still limited (Bischof et al., 2011). In addition, the genetic diversity and adaptive characteristics of wild and weed wheat species have not been fully utilized for crop improvement (Bothmer et al, 2008)。 Therefore, it is necessary to have a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of wheat growth and development, as well as the interactions between wheat and pests, non biological stress factors. This will help develop more effective control strategies and new varieties with strong stress resistance. It is necessary to strengthen research on wheat genomics and transcriptomics to reveal the complexity and diversity of the wheat genome, and to identify key genes related to yield, quality, and stress resistance. In addition, sustainable agricultural practices that improve soil health, reduce environmental footprint, and increase productivity should also be explored. This includes integrating agricultural ecological methods, precision agriculture, and organic agriculture technologies. Improving the nutritional composition and safety of wheat crops through biological enhancement and reducing pollutants such as fungal toxins will enhance their contribution to food security. 7.2 Collaboration and knowledge sharing Strengthening international cooperation and knowledge sharing is crucial in the face of global food security challenges. Research institutions in various countries should strengthen cooperation, jointly carry out wheat research, share research results and technical experience. For example, genome sequencing and gene transformation technologies have shown great potential in improving wheat crops (Mochida and Shinozaki, 2013). Through cross-border cooperation, the advantages and resources of various countries in wheat research can be fully utilized to accelerate the progress of wheat research. Promote cooperation between public research institutions and private sector entities to utilize resources, expertise, and technology. These collaborations can promote the commercialization of research results and enhance the adoption of new technologies. Create open access databases and platforms to share research data, publications, and best practices. This transparency will enable research results to be more widely disseminated and applied. 7.3 Strategic policy development In order to ensure global food security, it is necessary to develop scientific and reasonable agricultural policies. We should increase investment in wheat research and production to improve wheat yield and quality. At the same time, farmers should be encouraged to adopt new technologies and varieties to improve the stress resistance and adaptability of wheat. We should formulate policies that are conducive to wheat exports and trade, strengthen economic cooperation with other countries, and jointly address the challenges of global food security. In addition, attention should also be paid to the impact of climate change on wheat production, and policy measures should be formulated to address climate change. Efforts should be made to mitigate the impact of climate change on wheat crops by promoting drought and salt resistant varieties (Nevo and Chen, 2010). 7.4 Capacity building and education Strengthening wheat research, production capacity building, and education is an important way to improve wheat yield and quality. Efforts should be made to increase the training and support of wheat researchers, in order to
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