Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 44-55 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 49 Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has revolutionized conventional breeding by incorporating molecular markers linked to desirable traits. This approach allows for the early and precise selection of superior genotypes, thereby accelerating the breeding process (Harper et al., 2020; Salgotra and Stewart, 2020). The use of associative transcriptomics platforms has further enhanced MAS by enabling the identification of genetic markers associated with key agronomic traits, such as seed weight and quality (Harper et al., 2020). These advancements have made it possible to develop elite crop cultivars more efficiently, contributing to global food security (Salgotra and Stewart, 2020). Genetic engineering offers powerful tools for the direct manipulation of the Triticeae genome to introduce beneficial traits. Techniques such as CRISPR/Cas genome editing have been employed to enhance crop resilience, improve nutritional content, and increase yield (Razzaq et al., 2021; Anyshchenko, 2022). These methods provide solutions to overcome the limitations of conventional breeding and MAS, offering a faster and more precise approach to crop improvement. The alignment of scientific advancements with policy and regulatory frameworks is essential to fully realize the potential of genetic engineering in contributing to food security (Anyshchenko, 2022). 4.3 Innovative agronomic practices Innovative agronomic practices are essential for maximizing the potential of Triticeae crops in the face of climate change and resource limitations. The integration of modern breeding techniques with efficient agronomic practices, such as optimized irrigation and fertilization strategies, can significantly enhance crop productivity (Razzaq et al., 2021). Additionally, the application of microbiome innovations and the exploitation of natural variations in underutilized crops offer promising avenues for sustainable agriculture (Razzaq et al., 2021). By adopting high-throughput phenotyping and big data analytics, agriculture is moving towards automation and digitalization, further supporting the development of climate-ready crops (Razzaq et al., 2021). In summary, the integration of advanced genetic and genomic tools, modern breeding techniques, and innovative agronomic practices holds great promise for the improvement of Triticeae crops. These advancements are crucial for addressing the challenges of global food security and ensuring sustainable agricultural development. 5 Prospects for Enhancing Triticeae Productivity 5.1 Integrative approaches in breeding Integrative approaches in breeding are essential for enhancing Triticeae productivity. Modern breeding techniques, such as genomic-assisted breeding (GAB), have shown promise in developing climate-resilient crops that can withstand various environmental stresses, including drought, heat, and salinity (Kole et al., 2015; Razzaq et al., 2021). The use of high-throughput sequencing and phenotyping platforms has transformed traditional breeding methods, allowing for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes associated with stress tolerance (Kole et al., 2015). Additionally, the integration of speed breeding with genomic and phenomic tools can accelerate the development of superior genotypes (Razzaq et al., 2021). The utilization of landrace diversity, as demonstrated in wheat breeding, can also provide access to untapped genetic variations that can enhance yield, stress resilience, and nutritional quality (Figure 2) (Cheng et al., 2023). Cheng et al. (2023) investigated the contribution of local variety diversity to modern breeding. Research has shown that utilizing unique genetic variations in local varieties can enrich the gene pool of modern breeding, providing traits of disease resistance, stress tolerance, and high nutritional value. These mutations play an important role in adapting to changing environments and increasing yields. Through GWAS and SNP marker analysis, the study emphasizes the importance of local varieties in modern breeding, which can help enhance crop stress resistance and nutritional quality. In short, the diversity of local varieties provides valuable genetic resources for modern breeding.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==