Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 19-30 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 28 With the development of omics technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, future GWAS studies will increasingly use multi-omics data integration analysis. By combining GWAS results with other omics data, the complex relationships between gene expression regulatory networks, protein interactions, and metabolic pathways can be revealed. This integrated analysis will help reveal the complex genetic mechanisms affecting important traits and provide a more comprehensive scientific basis for molecular design breeding of wheat crops. The trait expression of wheat crops is significantly affected by environmental factors. Therefore, future GWAS research will pay more attention to the impact of environmental factors and their interaction with genetic factors. By repeating GWAS experiments under different environmental conditions, genetic variants that are significant in a specific environment can be identified. In addition, conducting GWAS studies on gene-environment interactions and identifying key genes that can regulate environmental adaptability is of great significance for cultivating wheat varieties that adapt to climate change (Saeideh et al., 2022). While most GWAS studies focus on major wheat crops, such as wheat and barley, future studies will focus more on minor and wild wheat germplasm. These resources contain rich genetic diversity and are of great value for identifying new genes for stress tolerance, high yield and quality traits. Through methods such as GWAS, these potential genetic resources can be mined to provide new genetic resources for the improvement and innovative breeding of wheat crops. The future of wheat crop GWAS research will also rely on the strengthening of data sharing and interdisciplinary collaboration. The era of big data requires researchers to share GWAS data sets, including genetic variation information, phenotypic data and environmental parameters, etc. This will promote the reuse of data and accelerate the process of genetic discovery. At the same time, close cooperation among multiple disciplines such as bioinformatics, statistics, genetics, and crop science will provide stronger support for solving the genetic basis of complex traits. As a bridge connecting genetic variation and phenotypic traits, GWAS plays an increasingly important role in wheat crop research. By continuously deepening the understanding of genetic mechanisms, utilizing new technologies and methods, and strengthening data sharing and interdisciplinary cooperation, future GWAS research will make greater contributions to the genetic improvement and sustainable production of wheat crops. 4 Conclusion In the past decade, significant progress has been made in the field of genetic research on stress tolerance traits in wheat crops. These research results not only enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of wheat crops coping with stress, but also provide new strategies and tools for breeding, helping to breed more robust crop varieties. Through high-throughput sequencing technology and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), scientists have successfully identified a large number of key genes and regulatory networks related to stress responses such as drought, salinity, and low temperature. For example, transcription factor families such as DREB and WRKY play a central role in regulating the stress response of wheat crops. Using molecular marker technology, researchers can quickly identify and exploit genetic variations associated with stress tolerance, accelerating the process of molecular breeding for stress-resistant traits. This not only improves breeding efficiency but also increases breeding accuracy. The development of genome editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 has made it possible to precisely modify wheat crop genomes, making direct modification of stress tolerance trait genes a reality. The application of these technologies has greatly promoted the improvement of wheat crop traits (Sun et al., 2017). With the development of remote sensing technology and automated phenotyping platforms, phenomic research has provided a new perspective for the study of stress responses of wheat crops. By precisely quantifying crop
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