Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 19-30 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 24 Leaf rust is caused by Puccinia triticina and can cause wheat yield losses of more than 50%. A large number of leaf rust resistance genes have been located, but due to the rapid mutation of the pathogen , many of the exploited resistance genes have gradually become ineffective. Therefore, finding new resistance genes to improve rust resistance durability is a current research hotspot. Zhang et al. (2021) used phenotypic data and 35K SNP data of 400 wheat lines (including advanced breeding materials , local varieties and modern varieties) , combined with 6 multi-locus GWAS methods , to systematically identify the genetics of leaf rust resistance. site. This is the first study to use multiple GWAS models to deeply explore the genetic basis of leaf rust resistance in wheat. GWAS detected four loci that are resistant to leaf rust and stripe rust, including the known gene Lr46/Yr19 located on 1BL. In addition, QLr-2AL.1/QYr-2AL.1 located on chromosome 2AL also showed stable facultative resistance, and the frequency of this resistance site was relatively high in the tested materials (accounting for 73.5%). However, the predicted effective disease resistance genes Lr34/Yr18 and Lr37/Yr17 were not detected in this study. Although the test varieties were tested using molecular markers closely linked to the genes, the results showed that 26 varieties contained Lr34/Yr18 and 18 varieties contained Lr37/Yr17 , and the T test results showed that these two genes showed expression in the test materials. Excellent leaf rust and stripe rust resistance. This illustrates the possible disadvantages of GWAS, that is, resistance genes with lower frequency in the population may not be detected, but these genes are likely to be potentially important genes (Figure 4). Figure 4 Analysis of genetic loci for resistance to leaf rust (Zhang et al., 2021)
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