Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 19-30 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 21 analysis of 686 high-quality SNP markers. Based on the MLM (Q+K) model , when P≤0.001, the marker is considered to be significantly associated with the trait , and the loci detected in multiple environments are regarded as stably heritable loci (Figure 1). GWAS analysis results showed that a total of 34 significant loci were detected , distributed on wheat chromosomes 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5D, 6A, 6B, 6D, 7B and 7D . A single locus can explain 5.55%~11.63% Phenotypic variation (Wang et al., 2020). GWAS provides a new way to utilize wheat crop germplasm resources. By analyzing genotypic and phenotypic data of different germplasm resources, researchers can discover useful genes hidden in natural variation, providing new genetic resources and candidate genes for genetic improvement. With the development of GWAS technology, researchers have begun to combine functional genomics methods to deeply explore the functions and regulatory mechanisms of key genes discovered by GWAS. Through gene expression analysis, transcriptomics, proteomics and other methods, we can reveal the functional connection between genotype and phenotype and further understand the molecular mechanism of stress tolerance traits. The key genetic markers identified by GWAS can be used as high-throughput molecular markers to assist in the genetic improvement of wheat crops. These molecular markers can help breeders select excellent germplasm with target traits, accelerate the breeding process, and improve breeding efficiency (Sun et al., 2017). The application of GWAS in wheat crops has made significant progress, providing powerful tools and methods for analyzing the genetic basis of wheat crops, revealing the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance traits, improving crop stress resistance and accelerating the breeding process. With the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous improvement of methods, it is believed that the application of GWAS in the field of genetic improvement of wheat crops will become more extensive and in-depth. Figure 1 Analysis of panicle germination rates in different environments (Wang et al., 2020) Note: E1: 2017-2018, Manas; E2: 2018-2019, Manas; E3: Average environment
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==