Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 19-30 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 19 Review and Progress Open Access GWAS Discovery of Stress Tolerance Trait Genes in Wheat Crops Wang Hongpeng, Li Minghua Biotechnology Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: Lileea@gmail.com Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.1 doi: 10.5376/tgg.2024.15.0003 Received: 15 Dec., 2024 Accepted: 29 Jan., 2024 Published: 12 Feb., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Wang and Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wang H.P., and Li M.H., 2024, GWAS discovery of stress tolerance trait genes in wheat crops, Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 15(1): 19-30 (doi: 10.5376/tgg.2024.15.0003) Abstract Significant progress has been made in research on stress tolerance trait genes of wheat crops, which has greatly promoted the development of crop improvement and food security. Through high-throughput sequencing technology and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), researchers have successfully identified multiple key genes and regulatory networks related to stress response, especially under stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and low temperature. The application of gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, provides new strategies for precisely improving stress tolerance traits. At the same time, the development of phenomics has deepened the understanding of crop stress response mechanisms. Future research will focus on the application of systems biology methods, integrating multi-omics data to reveal complex stress tolerance mechanisms; using precision breeding technology to precisely operate stress tolerance genes ; strengthening research on the interaction between environment and genetics, and exploring the genetic diversity of wild resources. and promote international cooperation and knowledge sharing. These directions will provide a solid scientific basis for cultivating wheat crop varieties with high stress tolerance to cope with climate change and global food security challenges. Keywords Wheat crops; Stress tolerance traits; Gene editing; Genome-wide association studies (GWAS); System biology Wheat crops, as one of the important sources of food for mankind, play an irreplaceable role in global agriculture. The wheat family, consisting of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), barley (Hordeum vulgare), corn (Zea mays) , rice (Oryza), etc., provides major carbohydrates, proteins and other important nutrients to people around the world, is one of the cornerstones of human survival and development. However, the growth and yield of wheat crops are often affected by various adverse factors, such as drought, salinity, high temperature, pests and diseases, etc. These factors will not only directly reduce the yield and quality of the crops, but may also lead to the deterioration of the ecological environment and have a negative impact on the environment. Threats to global food security. The impact of adversity on the yield and quality of wheat crops is multifaceted . Under adverse conditions, the crop growth cycle is prolonged and the growth rate is slowed down, resulting in insufficient biomass accumulation throughout the growing season. Adversity conditions will destroy the growth and development process of crops and affect key physiological processes such as photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and material transport, thereby leading to crop growth deformities and dysfunction. In addition, adversity can easily trigger the outbreak of crop diseases and insect pests, making crops more vulnerable. The impact of adversity on the yield and quality of wheat crops is comprehensive and complex, severely restricting the production potential and stability of wheat crops (Zhang et al., 2021). Facing the challenge of adversity, genetic improvement is considered to be one of the effective ways to improve the adversity tolerance of wheat crops. Genetic improvement can improve the adaptability and resistance of crops to stress by screening and breeding new varieties with stress-resistant traits. In the process of genetic improvement, it is crucial to discover and utilize stress tolerance trait genes in wheat crops. These genes carry genetic information related to stress resistance and can provide an important genetic basis for crop stress resistance. Therefore, in-depth study of wheat crop stress tolerance trait genes and discovery of their molecular mechanisms and functional characteristics have important theoretical and practical significance for improving crops' ability to adapt to stress and enhancing their productivity and stress resistance.
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