Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 10-18 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 17 In the face of these challenges, the future research direction will focus on three main areas: first, strengthen the basic research on the genetic and molecular mechanism of wheat crop adaptive traits to provide a scientific basis for breeding; Secondly, it is to optimize and develop new molecular marker technologies to improve the application efficiency of these technologies in genetic resource mining and breeding. Finally, by integrating bioinformatics, genomics and modern breeding techniques, comprehensive assessment and efficient use of genetic resources are promoted. With the development of modern biotechnology such as molecular marker technology and gene editing, the genetic diversity of Triticeae crops and its application in breeding will show unprecedented potential. Systematic assessment and utilization of genetic diversity can not only reveal new genes related to adaptive traits, but also accelerate the process of adaptive improvement of Triticeae crops. The application of molecular markers will further improve the accuracy and efficiency of breeding, shorten the breeding cycle, and achieve more targeted and efficient breeding strategies. References Angus J.F., Kirkegaard J.A., Hunt J.R., Ryan M.H., Ohlander L., and Peoples M.B., 2015, Break crops and rotations for wheat, Crop and Pasture Science, 66(6): 523-552. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP14252 Blum A., 2014, The abiotic stress response and adaptation of triticale-a review, Cereal Research Communications, 42: 359-375. https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.42.2014.3.1 Feldman M., and Levy A.A., 2015, Origin and evolution of wheat and related Triticeae species, In: Molnár-Láng M., Ceoloni C., and Doležel J. (eds.), Alien introgression in wheat, Springer, Cham., Berlin,Germany., pp.21-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23494-6_2 PMCid:PMC4732699 Gao Z., Bian J., Lu F., Jiao Y., and He H., 2023, Triticeae crop genome biology: an endless frontier, Front. Plant Sci., 14: 1222681. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1222681 PMid:37546276 PMCid:PMC10399237 Girma E., 2017, Genetic erosion of wheat (Triticum spp.): Concept, research results and challenges, Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 23(7): 72-81. Govindaraj M., Vetriventhan M., and Srinivasan M., 2015, Importance of genetic diversity assessment in crop plants and its recent advances: An overview of its analytical perspectives, Genetics Research International, 2015: 431487. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/431487 PMid:25874132 PMCid:PMC4383386 Guzzon F., Müller J.V., Araujo M.D.N., Cauzzi P., Orsenigo S., Mondoni A., and Abeli T., 2017, Drought avoidance adaptive traits in seed germination and seedling growth of Citrullus amarus landraces, South African Journal of Botany, 113: 382-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.09.023 Ha T., Kaiser C., Myong S., Wu B., and Xiao J., 2022, Next generation single-molecule techniques: Imaging, labeling, and manipulation in vitro and in cellulo, Mol. Cell, 82(2): 304-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.019 PMid:35063098 Hasan N., Choudhary S., Naaz N., Sharma N., and Laskar R.A., 2021, Recent advancements in molecular marker-assisted selection and applications in plant breeding programmes, Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 19: 128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00231-1 PMid:34448979 PMCid:PMC8397809 Hoban S., Archer F.I., Bertola L.D., Bragg J.G., Breed M.F., Bruford M.W., Coleman M.A., Ekblom R., Funk W.C., Grueber C.E., Hand B.K., Jaffé R., Jensen E., Johnson J.S., Kershaw F., Liggins L., MacDonald A.J., Mergeay J., Miller J.M., Muller-Karger F., O'Brien D., Paz-Vinas I., Potter K.M., Razgour O., Vernesi C., and Hunter M.E., 2022, Global genetic diversity status and trends: towards a suite of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) for genetic composition, Biological Reviews, 97(4): 1511-1538. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12852 PMid:35415952 PMCid:PMC9545166 Marzeih S., Ahmad A., Majid T., and Asad R., 2018, Genetic diversity of wheat wild relatives using SSR markers, Genetika, 50(1): 131-141. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1801131S Ovsyannikov L.L., and Shpitonkov M.I., 2020, Classification of adaptive traits and criteria for optimality in adaptive evolution, Biophysics, 65: 995-1006. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006350920060135 Pour-Aboughadareh A., Ahmadi J., Mehrabi A.A., Etminan A., and Moghaddam M., 2017, Assessment of genetic diversity among Iranian Triticum germplasm using agro-morphological traits and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers, Cereal Research Communications, 45(4): 574-586. https://doi.org/10.1556/0806.45.2017.033
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