Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 10-18 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 16 the drought tolerance of wheat through marker assisted selection (MAS) technology. In the face of drought challenges brought about by global change, the development of wheat varieties with high drought tolerance has become a priority goal (Sunilkumar et al., 2023). In this study, quantitative trait locus (QTL) was used to identify several QTLS related to drought tolerance by comparing the performance of wheat varieties under different water conditions. These QTLS control key traits such as water use efficiency, root depth and leaf transpiration and are critical for wheat growth under drought conditions. By integrating this important QTL information into the breeding program, the research team was able to significantly accelerate the breeding process of drought-tolerant varieties, improving the accuracy and efficiency of selection. This work eventually led to the development of several wheat varieties that demonstrated significant drought tolerance, which demonstrated good yield performance and stability in field trials in arid areas. This case not only demonstrates the great potential of molecular marker technology in revealing the genetic basis of crop adaptation traits and promoting resistance breeding, but also provides a strong scientific support for ensuring food security under global climate change. This breeding strategy based on molecular markers has become an indispensable part of modern crop improvement, opening up a new chapter of crop adaptive improvement. 4.3 Application prospect of molecular marker-assisted selection Molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) technology has shown broad application prospects in wheat crop breeding, marking that crop improvement has entered a new era of high efficiency and accuracy. By utilizing molecular markers associated with key agronomic traits, MAS can significantly accelerate the process of variety improvement in Triticeae crops, especially for traits such as stress resistance and disease resistance that are time-consuming, costly, or heavily influenced by the environment. This method not only improves the efficiency of breeding and reduces the uncertainty in the selection process, but also enables breeders to make precise selection at the seedling stage and significantly shorten the breeding cycle (Hasan et al., 2021). The application of MAS technology also helps to improve the adaptability and stability of crops. By precisely improving crop tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity, and improving resistance to major pests and diseases, crops can better adapt to environmental changes and ensure the sustainability of agricultural production. MAS also provides the possibility for deep mining and utilization of precious traits in genetic resources, including the transfer of good traits from wild species to cultivated varieties to enrich the genetic diversity of crops. With the development of modern biotechnology such as gene editing, the role of MAS in precision breeding has become more important, it can not only be used to identify editing targets, but also verify editing effects after gene editing to ensure the accurate achievement of breeding targets. 5Outlook The role of Triticeae crops has become particularly important in meeting the challenges posed by global climate change and population growth. These challenges require not only improved crop yield and quality, but also improved crop resilience to various abiotic and biological stresses. In this context, it is particularly critical to explore the genetic diversity of Triticeae crops and the discovery and application of molecular markers, which provide a window to reveal the genetic potential of crops and guide researchers to move towards the goal of sustainable development. However, research in this area also faces a number of challenges, including the complex genetic mechanisms of adaptive traits, the limited availability of genetic resources, and the limitations of molecular marker techniques in terms of high-throughput identification, cost-effectiveness, and data analysis. Adaptive traits are often controlled by multiple genes and affected by environmental factors, which makes it difficult to accurately identify and utilize related genes. Although researchers have accumulated a large number of genetic resources, the effective mining and application of these resources still need to be strengthened. Although molecular marker technology has made progress, some technical and economic obstacles still need to be overcome in practical applications.
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