Triticeae Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 1-9 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 8 Although gene editing technology provides new opportunities for wheat stress resistance breeding, it is also accompanied by ethical and regulatory challenges. Ensuring the safety, traceability, and sustainability of the technology is an important direction for future research. Gene editing technology is gradually changing the face of wheat stress resistance breeding. Although it still faces some technical and ethical issues, this method provides unprecedented opportunities for genetic improvement in wheat and is expected to help solve global food security issues. 4Outlook Breeding has always been an important research direction in the field of genetic improvement of food crops. The application of modern biotechnology such as molecular marker assisted selection and gene editing technology has made significant progress, but still faces some challenges and ethical issues. The future breeding of wheat for stress resistance will rely more on the integration of molecular marker assisted selection, gene editing, and other biotechnology. The combined application of these technologies is expected to provide more genetic resources and methods to improve the stress resistance of wheat, such as drought resistance, disease resistance, and salt tolerance. With the continuous development of gene editing technology, the future direction will be more precise. This means that specific genes can be edited more precisely to improve the stress resistance of wheat. Improvements in technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 will provide more efficient editing tools. Through gene editing and selection, new genetic variations can be created to expand the genetic diversity of wheat. This helps wheat better adapt to the constantly changing climate and pest pressures (Kumar et al., 2021). The widespread application of gene editing technology will make ethical and regulatory issues an important issue. Ensuring the safety and traceability of technology, and formulating relevant regulations to balance the relationship between innovation and food safety will be key challenges in the future. Due to wheat being one of the world's major food crops, future wheat stress resistance breeding requires international cooperation. Sharing genomic information, genetic resources, and technological experience will help promote the development of this field more widely. Future wheat stress resistance breeding should not only pursue high yield, but also focus on sustainability. This means that while improving resilience, ecological balance, resource utilization efficiency, and agricultural sustainability should also be considered (Hossain et al., 2021). Looking ahead, the future of wheat stress resistance breeding is full of hope, and the application of modern biotechnology provides new ways to improve wheat stress resistance, which is expected to help solve global food security issues. However, the ethical and regulatory issues that come with it need to be carefully weighed and resolved. Global cooperation and sustainable agriculture principles will be key elements for future wheat stress resistance breeding to ensure its success and benefit global society. References Al-Tamimi A.J., and Al-Janabi A.S., 2019, Genetic diversity among bread wheat genotypes using RAPD and SSR markers, SABRAO J. Breed Genet, 51(3): 11. Bajwa A.A., Farooq M., Al-Sadi A.M., Ahmad N., Khawar J., and Kadambot H.M., 2020, Siddiqued impact of climate change on biology and management of wheat pests, Crop Protection, 137: 105304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105304 Bakala H.S., Mandahal K.S., and Sarao L.K., 2021, Breeding wheat for biotic stress resistance: achievements, challenges and prospects, Current Trends in Wheat Research, 12: 11-34. Cao Q., Shi Z.L., Zhang G.C., Ban J.F., Zhen S.S., Fu X.Y., Zhang S.C., He M.Q., Han R., and Gao Z.X.,2021, Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 application in wheat breeding, Shenwu Jishu Jinzhan (Current Biotechnology), 11(6): 661. Hossain A., Skalicky M., and Brestic M., 2021, Consequences and mitigation strategies of abiotic stresses in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) under the changing climate, Agronomy, 11(2): 241. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020241 Kumar A., Saripalli G., Jan I., Kuldeep K., Sharma P.K., Balyan H.S., and Gupta P.K., 2020, Meta-QTL analysis and identification of candidate genes for drought tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 26: 1713-1725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00847-6
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