Triticeae Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 1-9 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 7 In order to apply the research results to disease resistance breeding, researchers used traditional breeding methods to crossbreed the Tamlo R32 mutant with the main wheat variety in China, and introduced disease resistant traits into the main wheat variety through several generations of backcrossing. More importantly, using CRISPR genome editing technology, corresponding gene mutations can be directly created in the main wheat varieties. In just 2-3 months, wheat germplasms with broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance and unaffected growth and yield were successfully obtained in multiple main wheat varieties. Compared to traditional breeding methods, genome editing breeding greatly shortens the breeding process. This study is an important progress in wheat breeding for resistance to powdery mildew, fully demonstrating the enormous application prospects of genome editing in modern agricultural production, and providing new strategies and technical routes for cultivating disease resistant and high-yield crop varieties (Li et al., 2022) (Figure 2). Figure 2 Genome editing mediated chromosomal rearrangement to obtain high-yield wheat resistant to powdery mildew (Li et al., 2022) Note: A~D: Tamlo R32 is resistant to powdery mildew and has no growth defects; E: Tamlo R32 generates a 304Kb large fragment deletion near TaMLO-B1 Locus; F: Schematic diagram of TaTMT3B expression regulation; G: Rapid acquisition of mutant wheat germplasm through gene editing A major advantage of gene editing technology is its highly precise targeting, which means researchers can select specific genes to edit to adjust or enhance the stress resistance of wheat. Gene editing technology provides an opportunity to increase the stress tolerance of wheat. By editing genes related to drought resistance, disease resistance, salt tolerance, and other stress resistance traits, wheat can better adapt to harsh environmental conditions. Traditional breeding methods typically require multiple generations of mating and selection to obtain varieties with target traits. Gene editing technology has accelerated this process, allowing specific gene changes to be achieved within a generation. Gene editing technology also helps to expand the genetic resources of wheat by creating new genetic variations and enriching the genetic diversity of wheat's stress resistance.
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