Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 282-293 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 288 flood-tolerant rice varieties has changed the situation. People have given these rice plants a vivid name - "water lung rice" because they can hold their breath underwater for up to two weeks. In fact, this is inseparable from the introduction of the SUB1 gene, which not only retains the original excellent traits, but also makes the rice more flood-resistant. These varieties were later officially promoted in Bangladesh and India, helping farmers to withstand climate pressure, stabilize yields, and ensure their livelihoods. 9.2 Promotion of alternating wet and dry (AWD) practice in the Philippines When talking about the promotion of the alternating wet and dry (AWD) method in Asia, the Philippines cannot be avoided. After all, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is headquartered there (Stuart-Brown, 2018). IRRI has made great efforts in rice variety improvement, germplasm protection, and water resource management in recent years, and has also laid the foundation for climate-adaptive planting in the Philippines and even more countries. In particular, the practice of AWD, which saves water and increases production, is particularly important under the double pressure of water shortage and unstable climate (Figure 2). Although it is not directly named in the information, IRRI's role in promoting it can be said to be unquestionable. Figure 2 (a-g) Sample of daily field water level collected by farmer cooperators during the field experiments in the wet and dry seasons of 2012-2015. Water levels were collected via perforated plastic pipes in the field, except in 2013 DS when the water level was determined via the surface water level (Adopted from Sander et al., 2020) 9.3 Successful case of rice-fish farming in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam When it comes to the importance of diversifying rice production in Southeast Asia, the first thing that comes to many people's minds is the Mekong Delta in Vietnam (Stuart-Brown, 2018). Here, rice-fish farming is not a new concept, but an ancient and practical traditional practice. Raising fish in rice fields at the same time not only increases the source of income, but also improves nutrient circulation and helps control the number of pests. Especially in an environment with frequent floods and fragile climate, the resilience of this complex system is much higher than that of single planting. The success of rice-fish farming has also become an important case for promoting ecological restoration agriculture in Southeast Asia.
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