Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 282-293 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 287 7.3 Promote agroforestry practices and carry out rice planting at the same time If single-crop planting is a bit lonely, then agroforestry is a typical example of "grouping together for warmth". Pairing trees, crops, and even livestock together not only makes the land more fully utilized, but also significantly improves ecological benefits. Especially in rice-growing areas, introducing an appropriate amount of trees can provide shade, reduce wind and water erosion, and increase soil organic matter and bring higher biodiversity (Altieri et al., 2015). Although it is more troublesome to manage in the early stage, the agroforestry system can effectively buffer the impact of extreme temperatures or abnormal rainfall on rice fields. At the same time, farmers can increase their income and improve food security through diversified agricultural products. Overall, this diversified layout is more resilient in the face of climate change and economic fluctuations. 8 Technological Innovation and Digital Tools 8.1 Application of remote sensing and climate forecasting tools In the past, if you wanted to understand the situation in the rice fields, you could only rely on people to observe in the fields. Now it is different. Satellites, drones, and ground sensors are all in place. Remote sensing technology is quietly changing the rules of the game for rice cultivation. They can monitor crop health, soil moisture, and environmental conditions in real time, helping farmers to obtain first-hand information. Although the investment in equipment is not small, the benefits are also obvious. For example, irrigation can be arranged more accurately, early signs of crop stress or disease can be detected in time, and flexibility in responding to climate change is improved (Goel et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2024). If combined with climate forecasting tools, farmers can also know weather changes and potential risks earlier and adjust their planting strategies in advance. Now, multi-scale and multi-sensor monitoring has become a research hotspot for responding to climate uncertainty and is considered to be the key to ensuring stable future crop production (Storm et al., 2024). 8.2 Mobile consulting system for farmers Although high-tech sounds cool, what can really help farmers are often some seemingly simple applications. Mobile consulting system is one of them. They can directly push weather forecasts, pest and disease warnings, and planting suggestions to farmers, which is convenient and practical. Especially in rural areas where information asymmetry is serious, this system bridges the knowledge gap, allowing farmers to make smarter decisions in a timely manner, improve production efficiency, and enhance their ability to cope with climate change (Balyan et al., 2024; Christian et al., 2024). Moreover, with the development of big data and analytical technologies, these platforms can also tailor management suggestions based on the location of farmers, which is more in line with actual needs. 8.3 The role of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in climate-smart decision-making Of course, if you want to make agricultural digitalization really work, artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are absolutely indispensable. Now, there are not only soil moisture sensors and meteorological microstations in rice fields, but also systems that can automatically adjust irrigation. All these devices collect data every day, but without AI to analyze, these data are basically just a bunch of numbers (Fuentes-Peñailillo et al., 2024). Artificial intelligence algorithms can help identify patterns, predict risks, and optimize decisions such as irrigation, fertilization, and pest and disease management, making farm management increasingly intelligent. The combination of AI and IoT not only improves resource utilization, but also effectively reduces environmental burdens and enhances the ability of rice farming systems to withstand climate stress (Subeesh and Mehta, 2021; Elbeheiry and Balog, 2023). Automation and remote management are also becoming more and more popular, making climate-smart agriculture truly within reach. 9 Case study: Successful Implementation of Climate-Resilient Technologies 9.1 Promotion of flood-tolerant rice varieties (e.g. “water lung rice”) in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, floods are not a minor nuisance that comes once in a while, but a regular problem that affects millions of hectares of land, especially in recent years, when weather has become increasingly extreme and sea levels have slowly risen. In the past, farmers had no choice but to accept the losses, but the emergence of
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