Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 282-293 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 284 people may find this characteristic unintuitive, but in fact, these traits are the key to preventing a significant reduction in rice yields on hot days. Now, researchers are constantly screening and using germplasm resources with these characteristics, hoping to cultivate rice varieties with uncompromised yield and quality even under high temperature stress (Sreenivasulu et al., 2015). Figure 1 BRRI dhan51, BRRI dhan52, BRRI dhan56, and BRRI dhan71 yield range (t ha-1), deviation, and prediction in a trial in Chapai Nawabganj, Cox’s Bazar, Natore, Sylhet, and Thakurgaon districts (Adopted from Nayak et al., 2022) 3.3 The role of molecular tools and genomics in accelerating variety breeding Traditional breeding alone is slow and risky. In recent years, molecular tools and genomics technologies have opened up new avenues for rice stress-resistant breeding. For example, molecular marker-assisted selection can accurately introduce multiple stress-resistant genes into target varieties at the same time, greatly accelerating the breeding progress (Saini et al., 2025). In addition, analyzing the genomes of traditional rice varieties has also helped scientists find many useful stress-resistant genes (McNally and Henry, 2023). Not to mention CRISPR-Cas9, a genome editing technology that can directly manipulate specific genes and quickly transform rice to make them more drought-resistant, flood-resistant, and disease-resistant (Li et al., 2024b; Riaz et al., 2025). However, the ideal approach would be to combine these molecular methods with traditional breeding in order to truly keep up with the pace of climate change and stabilize future rice production. 4 Water Management Technology to Enhance Climate Resilience 4.1 Alternating wet-dry (AWD) Rice fields have always been soaked in water, but this old method has long exposed many problems. The alternating wet-dry (AWD) method was proposed to change this situation. Its idea is simple: irrigate when there is water in the field, let it dry for a period of time when there is no water, and then add water, instead of soaking for a long time (Srivastav et al., 2021). This practice can not only greatly reduce water consumption, but also improve water resource utilization, and sometimes even make the yield higher than traditional methods. Especially in areas with severe water shortages, AWD is particularly effective. Moreover, it can also help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, so many people list it as a typical climate-smart agricultural practice, which is very useful for dealing with rainfall variability and drought.
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