Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 260-266 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 265 7 Concluding Remarks The rice-fish system can help improve the quality of rice in many ways. It can make the nutrient cycle in the soil smoother, it can also allow more different plants and animals to appear in the fields, and it can reduce pests and diseases. These aspects work together to improve the overall quality of rice. Raising aquatic animals such as fish in the system helps nutrient circulation and reduces the use of pesticides and fertilizers. This method not only makes the rice higher in protein, but also makes the rice taste and look better. In addition, the ecological environment in the field is also healthier, which has a positive impact on the nutrition and appearance of rice. Another important significance of the rice-fish system is that it can improve the sustainability of agriculture and contribute to food security. Studies have found that this system can not only increase rice production, but also increase farmers' income. For small farmers, this is a good method worth promoting. However, there will be some problems in the process of promotion. For example, some places have incomplete infrastructure and some farmers have not mastered the relevant technology. Some people are also affected by the difficulty of obtaining loans and land, which affects the actual operation. Moreover, natural conditions vary greatly from place to place, so when promoting the system, adjustments need to be made according to actual conditions, which also makes the promotion work more complicated. Future research can focus on improving the design and management of this system. Researchers need to find ways to improve the operating efficiency of the system and adapt it to the environmental conditions of different regions. For example, some ecological engineering technologies can be developed to help nutrient circulation and control pests and diseases. You can also try to raise other types of aquatic animals or use more organic fertilizers, which may further improve the yield and quality of rice. It is also necessary to strengthen technical training, provide policy support, and help farmers solve practical difficulties. Researchers, policymakers and farmers should communicate and cooperate more, so that this system can be promoted and play a greater role in improving rice quality and promoting green agricultural development. Acknowledgments We appreciate Dr Liu from the Hainan Institution of Biotechnology for her assistance in references collection and discussion for this work completion. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Pearlin A.R., Haldar N., and Dharshini C.S., 2024, Integrated rice-poultry-fish farming for economic efficiency and sustainability: an overview, Chronicle of Aquatic Science, 1(10): 37-42. https://doi.org/10.61851/coas.v1i10.03 Ahmed N., and Garnett S., 2011, Integrated rice-fish farming in Bangladesh: meeting the challenges of food security, Food Security, 3: 81-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-011-0113-8 Arunrat N., and Sereenonchai S., 2022, Assessing ecosystem services of rice–fish co-culture and rice monoculture in Thailand, Agronomy, 12(5): 1241. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051241 Arunrat N., Sansupa C., Kongsurakan P., Sereenonchai S., and Hatano R., 2022, Soil microbial diversity and community composition in rice–fish co-culture and rice monoculture farming system, Biology, 11(8): 1242. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081242 Berg H., Söderholm A., Söderström A., and Tam N., 2016, Recognizing wetland ecosystem services for sustainable rice farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Sustainability Science, 12: 137-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-016-0409-x Hu L., Zhang J., Ren W., Guo L., Cheng Y., Li J., Li K., Zhu Z., Zhang J., Luo S., Cheng L., Tang J., and Chen X., 2016, Can the co-cultivation of rice and fish help sustain rice production? Scientific Reports, 6: 28728. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28728 Feng J., Li F., Zhou X., Xu C., and Fang F., 2016, Nutrient removal ability and economical benefit of a rice-fish co-culture system in aquaculture pond, Ecological Engineering, 94: 315-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLENG.2016.06.002
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