Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 260-266 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 264 model, the yield of Wan Tai Youmei can reach 500 kg/mu, and the yield of Hefang crucian carp can reach 120 kg/mu, which has broadened the space for rice field fish farming in Guangxi, tapped the potential of rice field utilization, and greatly improved the economic benefits of rice field ecological breeding. Figure 2 Growth of the stocked aquatic animals in the rice field after 120 days of experiment. (a) Growth in weight (g); (b) growth in length (cm total length) (Adopted from Li et al., 2022) 6.2 Ecological green farming model of rice-shrimp symbiosis in Sichuan The ecological green farming model of rice-shrimp symbiosis enables rice fields to provide natural bait and habitat for freshwater lobsters, while freshwater lobsters can remove pests from rice fields. Their excrement can also become fertilizer for farmland, promoting the growth of organic and pollution-free rice, and ultimately forming a win-win situation of "raising shrimp in rice fields and raising rice with shrimp" ecological cycle (Kaewpuangdee et al., 2024). Raising three crops a year, one mu of rice field produces 400 kilograms of crayfish and one mu of rice, with an income of 10 000 yuan. The "3411" rice-shrimp symbiosis and "double rice and double shrimp" farming model in Xuantan Town, Lu County, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, allows people to taste the joy of a good harvest. "Double rice" means one season of rice plus one season of regenerated rice, and "double shrimp" means feeding big-headed shrimp in May after the first season of rice seedlings are planted, and raising shrimp from September to November, and then raising crayfish from November to April of the following year. In this way, after the rice fields are fully, efficiently and safely utilized, the average net income per mu can reach up to 13,000 yuan. Rice-shrimp farming mainly utilizes the temporal and spatial differences in the growth of rice and lobsters to carry out green cycle operations in a paddy field. Lobsters "weed, loosen the soil, and increase fertilizer" for rice fields, and rice fields "supply bait, shade, and avoid harm" for lobsters. This model of "one water for two uses, one field for two harvests, and win-win for grain and shrimp" not only improves the output efficiency of the land, but also realizes a virtuous cycle of ecological breeding. 6.3 Summary of comparative trials and extension potential Comparative experiments conducted in many places have shown that integrated farming methods such as rice-fish and rice-shrimp are better than traditional single rice farming in terms of yield and rice quality. This type of co-farming model can significantly increase rice yields and improve rice quality, especially in subtropical areas. In these systems, farmers often use both organic and inorganic fertilizers. This combination can further improve rice quality and make this farming method a good choice for sustainable agriculture. This model has great prospects for promotion. It can not only improve food security, but also promote green development of agriculture. At the same time, farmers' income can also increase, and the economic benefits are also considerable (Hu et al., 2016; Li et al., 2022).
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