Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 180-198 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 186 seasons. For insect pests, some new varieties have good tolerance to rice planthoppers and the like. For example, the conventional rice "Xiushui 1926" showed high resistance to brown planthoppers in the field, and "Xiushui 1717" also did not suffer from rice planthopper damage, which shows that its insect-resistant gene background is good. However, some varieties are more sensitive to certain pests. For example, "Yongyou 33" and hybrid rice of the same series are susceptible to rice planthoppers and borers during the tillering period. The base observed that there were traces of rice leaf rollers on the leaf sheaths of this variety, and it is necessary to apply pesticides in advance during the peak tillering period to prevent it. "Jiahe 567" was determined to be highly susceptible to white-backed planthoppers. Once planthoppers migrate into the field, if prevention and control are not timely, it will pose a threat to yield. This is related to the nutrient accumulation caused by the pursuit of high yields in hybrid rice and some conventional rice, and the plants are relatively tender, which often attracts migratory pests to parasitize. Boring pests such as the striped stem borer and the stem borer also occur to varying degrees in the base, but because the demonstration fields use moth-attracting lamps and sex attractants, combined with biological pesticides for prevention and control, no large-scale damage has been caused. The disease and insect pest resistance of new varieties meets production requirements, but it is necessary to implement policies based on the varieties: for varieties with relatively weak resistance, monitoring and green control should be strengthened during the critical period. For example, for varieties with high susceptibility to planthoppers, traps can be arranged in advance during the peak of planthopper migration in July and August, and biological pesticides can be sprayed in time; for varieties with moderate susceptibility to rice blast, attention should be paid to reasonable density planting and nitrogen fertilizer control to reduce the incidence of rice blast, and pesticides should be applied before and after the break to prevent spikelet blast (Li, 2024; Lyu, 2024). It is worth mentioning that ecological regulation plays an important role in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of new varieties. Flowering plants such as cosmos and sulphur chrysanthemum were planted on the ridges of rice fields in the demonstration base, providing habitats and nectar sources for predatory natural enemies, and significantly increasing the number of natural enemy insects such as spiders and parasitic wasps in rice fields. Studies have shown that planting nectar plants such as sunflowers, marigolds, and cosmos on the ridges of rice fields can enhance the pest control effect of natural enemies, reduce the population density of major pests, and maintain rice yields (Figure 3) (Ali et al., 2019). Therefore, the development of new variety resistance needs to be combined with scientific plant protection strategies. Figure 3 Flowering plants around rice paddies 4.2 Lodging resistance and nitrogen-use tolerance Lodging resistance is an important indicator for measuring the safety of rice production, especially for high-yield varieties. Once rice lodges on a large scale, not only will the yield be severely lost, but the quality of rice will also decline significantly. Therefore, while pursuing high yields, breeders have improved the stem strength and lodging
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