Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 150-158 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 152 instance, X-ray computed tomography studies have shown that rice cultivars exhibit varying RSA plasticity in response to different soil textures (Chen et al., 2021; Gao et al., 2021). The cultivar Azucena displayed low RSA plasticity across various substrates, while Bala's root depth was notably affected by soil hardness, indicating a genotype-specific response to soil compaction. Understanding these interactions can help in breeding rice varieties with optimized RSA for specific soil conditions. Figure 1 Lateral root expansion and structural and ultrastructural studies of Azucena and IR64 root tips in response to water stress (Adopted from Abdirad et al., 2022) Image caption: (A) Lateral root expansion in Azucena and IR64 under normal and stress conditions; Yellow arrows indicate lateral roots. (B) Tissue structural studies of root (zone3) in both genotypes under normal and stress conditions shows the number of lateral root primordia. (C) Ultrastructural studies of root meristematic cells in both genotypes under normal and stress conditions shows cell wall thickening in IR64 in response to stress. IRn, IR64 genotype under normal condition; IRs, IR64 genotype under water-stress condition; AZn, Azucena genotype under normal condition; AZs, Azucena genotype under water-stress condition; Z1, Root Z1; Z2, Root Z2; Z3, Root Z3; CW, cell wall; N, nucleus; NS, nucleolus; DS, dictyosome; LRP, lateral root primordium (Adopted from Abdirad et al., 2022)
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