Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 116-131 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 129 At present, many farmers lack experience and technical support in this area, resulting in the death of fish and shrimp and the destruction of duck seedlings when management is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a supporting animal disease prevention and control system and water body monitoring and control technology. Third, regional adaptability bottleneck. The climate and soil conditions in different regions vary greatly, and a certain integrated breeding model may not be suitable for all regions. For example, the rice-crab model is suitable in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, but it is difficult to implement in high-altitude or northern regions due to growth period and temperature restrictions; the rice-duck model works well in the double-season rice areas in the south, but how to efficiently use ducks in single-season rice areas is also a problem. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out regional experiments to summarize the best models and combinations in various places and realize the "local optimization" of the model. Fourth, the long-term benefits and risk assessment are insufficient. Although some integrated breeding models have outstanding short-term benefits, there is still a lack of sufficient monitoring of long-term impacts. For example, will high-intensity rice-shrimp farming for many consecutive years accumulate soil salt or heavy metals? Will the long-term change in the structure of the rice field ecosystem lead to new imbalances? These need further research and evaluation. Finally, the bottleneck of promotion organization and brand building. Integrated farming requires high knowledge and skills of farmers, and the initial investment is also large. It is difficult for a family to fight alone, and it needs to be led by cooperatives or leading enterprises. However, many regions currently lack such a degree of organization and brand influence, and the low price of agricultural products also affects farmers' enthusiasm. In response to these bottlenecks, it is urgent to solve them in a two-pronged approach in terms of policies and technology. In order to give full play to the advantages of integrated farming and breeding in rice fields and promote the large-scale application of efficient ecological farming and breeding models, we put forward the following policies and development suggestions: First, increase policy support and improve subsidies and technical services. The government should include integrated farming and breeding in rice fields in the special project of green agricultural development, provide certain facilities construction and subsidies for the purchase of improved varieties, and reduce the cost of farmers' transformation; at the same time, establish a professional technical promotion team, carry out farming and breeding technology training and disease prevention and control guidance for farmers, and cultivate new professional farmers. Second, strengthen scientific research and solve key technical bottlenecks. Scientific research units should carry out collaborative research on issues such as mechanized integration of planting and breeding, ecological regulation technology, and animal disease prevention and control, such as developing a combine harvester or small unmanned agricultural machinery suitable for ditch rice fields. At the same time, in-depth research should be conducted on the soil and ecological change mechanisms under long-term integrated planting and breeding to provide a basis for the formulation of scientific management measures. Third, encourage organizational innovation and scale operation. Support the establishment of an industrial consortium of leading enterprises + cooperatives + farmers, and promote the model of "company supply of seedlings and materials for disease prevention + farmers' breeding + guaranteed price purchase". Through the leadership of leading enterprises, unify technical standards and brand marketing, and enhance the added value and market competitiveness of integrated rice field breeding products. For example, create green organic rice and special aquatic product brands, improve quality and price, and maximize the benefits of planting and breeding. Fourth, demonstrate and promote according to local conditions. For different ecological regions, summarize suitable main promotion models and build demonstration bases to play a radiating and driving role. For example, in the acidic soil area of South China, focus on promoting the rice-fish and rice-frog models to improve soil, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, promote the rice-shrimp and rice-crab models to promote stable grain and increase income, and in hilly and mountainous areas, develop the rice-duck model according to local conditions. Through demonstration and typical guidance, farmers' cognition and confidence can be enhanced. Looking to the future, with the advancement of science and technology and policy support, the integrated rice field breeding model is expected to enter a high-speed development stage of "improving quality
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