Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 116-131 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 128 changes are consistent with the direction of healthy soil (Wang et al., 2022). Thirdly, integrated farming helps to reduce the carbon and nitrogen footprint of agricultural production and improve ecological services. Paddy field soil is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions, and rice-duck farming has been shown to significantly reduce CH4 emissions, while having only a slight impact on greenhouse gas emissions such as N2O, and the overall greenhouse effect potential has decreased. This shows that the integrated farming model is conducive to the construction of "carbon neutral" soil and is also meaningful to the country's "dual carbon" strategy. Integrated farming soil provides more ecosystem services, such as cleaner farmland runoff and richer biological habitats, which have a positive impact on the surrounding environment. Integrated farming in rice fields improves soil fertility and environment, allowing paddy field soil to move from "production soil" to "healthy soil", providing a solid foundation for the green agricultural system. This foundation is reflected in the fact that healthier soil can support efficient agriculture with less chemical inputs, and achieve the unity of safe and high-quality agricultural products and ecological and environmental friendliness. Therefore, in the process of promoting green agriculture, integrated rice field farming should be regarded as one of the important measures to improve the health of farmland soil, and its comprehensive benefits in improving soil fertility and ecological restoration should be fully utilized. 7 Concluding Remarks A large number of studies and practical experience have shown that the integrated rice field farming model has a significant positive regulatory effect on soil nutrient dynamics. Integrated farming stimulates the nutrient cycle between soil, plants and animals by introducing biological elements such as ducks, fish and shrimp. Compared with single planting, integrated farming significantly increases the content of soil organic matter and major nutrients, improves soil structure and microbial ecology, and makes paddy soil more fertile and vibrant. At the same time, integrated farming reduces excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers, reduces the risk of nutrient loss and environmental pollution, and achieves an efficient balance between nutrient input and output. The rice-fish integrated farming model meets the development requirements of ecological circular agriculture. It not only reduces resource input, improves rice yield and quality, but also increases by-product output and farmers' income, contributing to rural revitalization and green and sustainable development of agriculture. It can be said that integrated rice field farming achieves a win-win adjustment of soil fertility and environmental friendliness at the soil level by creating a small ecological circulation system for farmland. This model provides a feasible path for modern rice field agriculture to transform from "high input-high output but high pollution" to "low input-stable output and low pollution". In summary, integrated rice field farming is an important form of realizing "storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology", and its dynamic regulation of soil nutrients is of great significance to ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural development. Although integrated rice field farming has significant advantages, it still faces some management and technical challenges in large-scale promotion and long-term operation. First, the bottleneck of large-scale mechanization. Since integrated farming requires digging ditches and building ridges in the field (such as rice-shrimp ditches) and setting up fences, the irregularity of the field and the complexity of paddy field operations are increased, resulting in increased difficulty in mechanized farming and harvesting. For example, the operation of combine harvesters in rice fields with ditches is limited, and farmed animals may also be disturbed by machinery and injured. This limits the promotion and application of the model in large fields. How to optimize field engineering design and achieve effective connection between integrated farming and mechanization is one of the problems that need to be overcome. Secondly, the bottleneck of disease prevention and control and breeding management. Integrated farming introduces new biological populations, and also brings problems of animal diseases and water quality management. For example, fish farming in rice fields needs to prevent and control fish diseases and hypoxia caused by excessive water quality; duck farming in rice fields needs to consider duck plague vaccines and damage to young ears caused by ducks.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==