Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 50-60 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 53 (COP1) (Nohales et al., 2019). However, don't think that they have a smooth journey: COP1 is willing to help PIF4, but PIF4 itself has to listen to the orders of the circadian rhythm component early flowering 3 (ELF3) (Legris et al., 2017). More interestingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) often "make trouble" nearby - it is not only connected with rhythm and calcium signals in series, but also plays an important role in light-temperature interaction (Krasensky-Wrzaczek and Kangasjärvi, 2018). Figure 1 The representative signaling modules of photoreceptor–transcription factors regulate light responses via different mechanisms in specific developmental contexts (Adopted from Jing and Lin, 2020) Image caption: (a, d, f, g) Inhibition: the photoreceptors interact with transcription factors to inhibit their transcriptional activity. In (d), PIF4/5 activity is mildly inhibited, leading to hypocotyl elongation in canopy shade under low blue light. (b, c) Interference: light triggers interactions between photoreceptors and with AUX/IAA, interfering with the auxin-induced degradation of AUX/IAA by the E3 ligase SCFTIR, thereby repressing ARF activity and related auxin signaling. (e) Promotion: cry2 interacts with CIB1 and promotes the transcriptional activity of CIB1 in a blue light-dependent manner. For simplicity, phys and crys are depicted as monomers, although they are always present as dimers. Photoactivated monomeric UVR8 is transferred into the nucleus, leading to its association with light signaling components. Arrows and T-bars denote positive and negative regulation, respectively (Adopted from Jing and Lin, 2020)
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