Rice Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 50-60 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 50 Feature Review Open Access How Rice Senses and Adapts to Changes in Temperature and Light Xingzhu Feng Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding email: 786699255@qq.com Rice Genomics and Genetics, 2025, Vol.16, No.1 doi: 10.5376/rgg.2025.16.0005 Received: 02 Jan., 2025 Accepted: 15 Feb., 2025 Published: 27 Feb., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Feng, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Feng X.Z., 2025, How rice senses and adapts to changes in temperature and light, Rice Genomics and Genetics, 16(1): 50-60 (doi: 10.5376/rgg.2025.16.0005) Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop, but its production faces severe challenges due to climate change, especially fluctuations in temperature and light. This study explores the mechanisms by which rice senses and adapts to these environmental changes. High temperatures adversely affect rice growth and yield, so understanding the mechanisms of heat tolerance is of great significance. Studies have identified key genes and pathways involving auxin and abscisic acid (ABA), which play an important role in rice's response to heat stress. In addition, RNA modifications such as 5-methylcytosine (m5C) improve rice's ability to adapt to high temperatures by stabilizing photosynthesis and detoxification systems. The interaction between light and circadian rhythms also significantly affects rice's response to temperature stress, and certain specific genes improve rice's cold tolerance by coordinating these responses. This study integrates current research on the molecular, genetic, and physiological responses of rice to temperature and light stress, and provides potential breeding strategies for cultivating rice varieties with strong stress resistance. Keywords Rice (Oryza sativaL.); Temperature stress; Light adaptation; Thermotolerance; Circadian clock 1 Introduction When it comes to the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.), many people know that temperature and light are important, but how important are they? Let's talk about light first. This thing not only affects photosynthesis, but also affects the energy balance of the entire plant. But what's interesting is that too much light or too long duration is not necessarily a good thing (Li et al., 2022; Oh et al., 2023; Ren et al., 2023). This is even more true for temperature. Although suitable temperature can indeed promote basic physiological activities such as photosynthesis and respiration, once the temperature is too high, trouble will come-the plant will suffer irreversible damage, especially when flowering and heading, which directly affects the quality of rice. Of course, if the temperature and light are not in the appropriate range, the problem will be more obvious: slow growth, low yield, and poor rice quality are all common situations. But then again, different varieties of rice may respond differently to these conditions. It is becoming increasingly difficult to grow rice now - the weather changes at any time, and high temperatures often occur. You may not know that this extreme high temperature affects rice growth from the seedling stage to the heading stage, and the yield naturally decreases (Rabara et al., 2020; Sharma et al., 2021; Li et al., 2022). Moreover, this is not the end. Experts say that this kind of weather will only become more and more frequent in the future. The most troublesome thing is that high temperatures often come with drought. How can rice withstand this? So now breeders are keeping an eye on this matter and trying every means to cultivate more resistant varieties. But then again, even if you have a good variety, the harvest will still be discounted in a year of continuous high temperature and drought (Fahad et al., 2019). Anyone who studies rice knows that climate change is causing more and more trouble. Our main goal in this study is to understand how rice senses and adapts to changes in temperature and light - from the most basic molecular reactions to the physiological changes of the entire plant. But to be honest, this is not that simple, after all, it involves complex processes such as genetic regulation and signal transduction (Rabara et al., 2020; Sharma et al., 2021). Of course, the most important thing is to find varieties that are truly resistant to high temperatures and strong light, which is good news for breeders. Research in this area has progressed rapidly in recent years, but it
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==