Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 309http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 317 Varieties Program has led to significant advancements in rice production, demonstrating the importance of policy support (Tang et al., 2017). Collaboration between industry and university researchers has also been instrumental in achieving technological innovations and establishing demonstration systems for super hybrid rice. To ensure sustainable breeding, policies should focus on promoting research and development, providing funding for breeding programs, and facilitating the exchange of genetic resources and knowledge among different regions and countries (Wang et al., 2021). 9 Conclusion The integration of traditional and wild rice varieties in breeding programs has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the genetic diversity and resilience of cultivated rice. Wild rice varieties such as O. rufipogan and O. nivara possess valuable traits like disease resistance and drought tolerance, which can be harnessed to improve cultivated varieties. Techniques such as wild hybridization, marker-assisted selection, and gene introgression have been pivotal in broadening the gene pool and introducing beneficial traits into domesticated rice. The de novo domestication of wild allotetraploid rice has also shown promise in developing new staple cereals with improved agronomic traits. Furthermore, traditional rice varieties maintained by farmers exhibit high phenotypic diversity, making them valuable sources of germplasm for breeding programs. The successful integration of traditional and wild rice varieties into breeding programs has broader implications for global agriculture. By enhancing the genetic diversity of rice, these breeding strategies can lead to the development of new rice varieties that are more resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby contributing to food security. The advancements in breeding techniques, such as molecular markers and next-generation sequencing, have increased the efficiency and precision of breeding programs, enabling the rapid improvement of important agronomic traits. Additionally, understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying the domestication and adaptation of rice can inform breeding strategies for other crops, promoting sustainable agricultural practices. To fully realize the potential of integrating traditional and wild rice varieties in breeding programs, it is essential to invest in research and development. This includes supporting the collection and characterization of diverse rice germplasm, advancing molecular breeding techniques, and fostering collaboration between researchers, farmers, and policymakers. Governments and agricultural organizations should prioritize funding for breeding programs that focus on enhancing genetic diversity and resilience in staple crops. By doing so, we can develop crop varieties that are better equipped to withstand the challenges posed by climate change and ensure food security for future generations. Acknowledgments We deeply appreciate the great support of all teachers and students in the research team throughout the research period. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Awad-Allah M., Shafie W., Alsubeie M., Alatawi A., Safhi F., Alshamrani S., Albalawi D., Al-Amrah H., Alshehri D., Alshegaihi R., Basahi M., and Masrahi A., 2022, Utilization of genetic resources genetic diversity and genetic variability for selecting new restorer lines of rice Oryza sativa L., Genes, 13(12): 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13122227 Calingacion M., Laborte A., Nelson A., Resurreccion A., Concepcion J., Daygon V., Mumm R., Reinke R., Dipti S., Bassinello P., Manful J., Sophany S., Lara K., Bao J., Xie L., Loaiza K., El-Hissewy A., Gayin J., Sharma N., Rajeswari S., Manonmani S., Rani N., Kota S., Indrasari S., Habibi F., Hosseini M., Tavasoli F., Suzuki K., Umemoto T., Boualaphanh C., Lee H., Hung Y., Ramli A., Aung P., Ahmad R., Wattoo J., Bandonill E., Romero M., Brites C., Hafeel R., Lur H., Cheaupun K., Jongdee S., Blanco P., Bryant R., Lang N., Hall R., and Fitzgerald M., 2014, Diversity of global rice markets and the science required for consumer-targeted rice breeding, PLoS One, 9(1): e85106. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085106
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