Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 309-319 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 313 5 Case Study 5.1 Overview of the region or research institution The case study focuses on the Nanjing Branch of the Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, located within the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This institution has been at the forefront of rice breeding research, particularly in the development of japonica super rice varieties over the past decade. The region's unique climatic and environmental conditions have provided an ideal setting for extensive rice breeding programs aimed at improving yield, quality, and stress resistance (Wang et al., 2017). 5.2 Selection of traditional and wild varieties The selection process involved a comprehensive analysis of genetic diversity and variability among various rice genotypes. Traditional varieties such as Oryza sativa and wild relatives like Oryza rufipogon were utilized to harness beneficial traits such as disease resistance and drought tolerance. Techniques like cluster analysis and principal component analysis were employed to identify and select genotypes with desirable traits. The integration of wild varieties through hybridization and marker-assisted selection methods significantly enhanced the genetic pool, allowing for the development of new restoration lines with improved agronomic traits (Huang et al., 2012; Sangeetha et al., 2020; Awad-Allah et al., 2022). 5.3 Outcomes of the integration The integration of traditional and wild rice varieties led to several notable outcomes. Firstly, the breeding program successfully developed 17 new restoration lines of rice, which exhibited high yield, good quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The use of genomic selection and marker-assisted pyramiding further improved breeding efficiency, reducing the time and labor required for developing new varieties. Additionally, the hybridization with wild varieties broadened the gene pool, providing a robust foundation for future rice breeding efforts. These advancements have the potential to significantly enhance rice productivity and sustainability in the region (Cui et al., 2019b; Xu et al., 2021).
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