Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 287-296 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 293 rice varieties (Diepenbrock and Gore, 2015). By combining these advanced breeding techniques with traditional methods, breeders can develop rice varieties that not only meet consumer preferences but also address global malnutrition challenges (Diepenbrock and Gore, 2015; Lau and Latif, 2019; Patra et al., 2022). Figure 2 Flowchart demonstrating the use of genome editing techniques to produce high-quality rice grains (Adopted from Zaghum et al., 2022) 9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives Significant progress has been made in enhancing the nutritional quality of rice through various genetic and agronomic approaches. Genetic engineering and mutation breeding have successfully increased the levels of essential nutrients such as folate, iron, and vitamins in rice. The integration of omics technologies, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, has provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms governing nutrient traits, facilitating the development of nutrient-dense rice varieties. Additionally, agronomic biofortification with elements like selenium has shown promise in improving the nutritional profile of rice grains. The identification of QTLs and genes associated with key nutritional traits has further accelerated the breeding programs aimed at producing high-yielding, nutrient-rich rice cultivars.
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