Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 203-211 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 203 Research Report Open Access Long-Term Effects of Rice Cultivation on Soil Organic Nitrogen Dynamics Weijie Sun, Qiangsheng Qian Modern Agricultural Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: qiangsheng.qian@cuixi.org Rice Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.4 doi: 10.5376/rgg.2024.15.0020 Received: 17 Jul., 2024 Accepted: 18 Aug., 2024 Published: 27 Aug., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Sun and Qian, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Sun W.J., and Qian Q.S., 2024, Long-term effects of rice cultivation on soil organic nitrogen dynamics, Rice Genomics and Genetics, 15(4): 203-211 (doi: 10.5376/rgg.2024.15.0020) Abstract This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of rice cultivation on soil organic nitrogen dynamics. Rice is an important food crop worldwide. Its cultivation has a significant impact on soil ecosystems, especially on the dynamic changes of soil organic nitrogen. By reviewing existing literature, the changes in soil organic nitrogen content under different planting years and management measures were analyzed to reveal the effects of rice cultivation on soil health. This study found that long-term rice cultivation may lead to fluctuations in soil organic nitrogen content and affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Seasonal and interannual changes, agricultural management practices (such as fertilization and crop rotation) and other factors play an important role in the dynamic changes of organic nitrogen. This study provides new insights into the understanding of the soil nitrogen cycle mechanism and proposes a scientific basis for sustainable agricultural management. Through reasonable agricultural management measures, such as the use of organic fertilizers and green manures and the optimization of flooding management in rice fields, soil health can be improved, the stability and availability of soil organic nitrogen can be enhanced, and rice yield and ecological environment protection can be promoted. Keywords Soil organic nitrogen; Nitrogen dynamics; Nutrient management; Biochar; Microbial biomass 1 Introduction Rice cultivation plays a significant role in global food security, particularly in regions such as southern China and the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. However, the long-term effects of rice cultivation on soil health, specifically soil organic nitrogen (SON) dynamics, remain underexplored. This systematic review aims to elucidate the impacts of prolonged rice cultivation on soil organic nitrogen composition, mineralization, and overall soil fertility. Understanding these effects is crucial for developing sustainable agricultural practices that maintain soil health and productivity. The accumulation and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) are critical for soil fertility and crop productivity. Studies have shown that changes in cropping systems, such as the transition from rice-garlic to rice-fava, can significantly influence SOC and TN stocks, thereby affecting soil microbial biomass and nitrogen use efficiency (Zhang et al., 2017). Long-term rice cultivation has been observed to enhance soil nitrogen accumulation and availability, stabilizing within a century of continuous cultivation (Wang et al., 2017). However, the interaction between irrigation regimes, soil texture, and nitrogen management also plays a crucial role in determining nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in rice crops (Hamoud et al., 2019). Continuous rice cultivation can lead to significant changes in soil chemical properties, microbial biomass, and carbon metabolism rates. For instance, long-term rice monoculture has been shown to alter soil microbial communities and reduce microbial biomass, despite increases in soil organic matter and total nitrogen (Wei et al., 2022). The application of nitrogen-enriched biochar has been found to improve rice yields and soil carbon storage while moderating greenhouse gas emissions (Yin et al., 2021). Additionally, integrated nutrient management practices, combining organic and inorganic fertilizers, have been demonstrated to sustain high rice yields and improve soil chemical and bacterial properties (Chen et al., 2017). Soil organic nitrogen is a vital component of soil fertility, influencing nutrient availability and soil microbial activity. Long-term studies have highlighted the importance of maintaining soil organic nitrogen through the application of organic manures and crop residues. For example, the use of farmyard manure and green manure in
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