Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 121-131 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 121 Feature Review Open Access TheRole of SD1 andMOC1in Rice Plant Architecture and Yield Enhancement HongliMa College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China Corresponding email: mahongli@fafu.edu.cn Rice Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.3 doi: 10.5376/rgg.2024.15.0013 Received: 14 Apr., 2024 Accepted: 15 May, 2024 Published: 25 May, 2024 Copyright © 2024 Ma, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Ma H.L., 2024, The role of SD1 and MOC1 in rice plant architecture and yield enhancement, Rice Genomics and Genetics, 15(3): 121-131 (doi: 10.5376/rgg.2024.15.0013) Abstract Rice plant architecture significantly influences crop yield and resilience, making it a critical focus in agricultural research. This study aims to elucidate the roles of the SD1and MOC1 genes in shaping rice plant structure and enhancing yield. The SD1gene, essential for gibberellin biosynthesis, is analyzed for its contributions to dwarfism, stem strength, and overall yield improvements, including lodging resistance and grain filling. Concurrently, the MOC1 gene, which regulates tillering and branching, is examined for its impact on tillering numbers, root and shoot architecture, and yield optimization. The interplay between SD1 and MOC1 is explored, highlighting their synergistic effects on plant growth, balanced morphology, and combined yield contributions. Breeding strategies employing traditional and modern genetic techniques are discussed, with case studies demonstrating the successful integration of these genes into high-yielding and stress-resilient cultivars. Future research directions, including emerging studies on SD1 and MOC1, potential yield enhancements, and sustainability challenges, are considered. The study concludes by summarizing key findings and discussing their implications for future research and breeding programs. Keywords Rice plant architecture; SD1gene; MOC1 gene; Yield enhancement; Breeding strategies 1 Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food crop that sustains over half of the world's population. The architecture of rice plants, encompassing traits such as plant height, tillering capacity, and stem strength, plays a pivotal role in determining overall crop yield and resilience. Optimal plant architecture not only enhances photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient utilization but also improves resistance to lodging and environmental stresses. As such, understanding the genetic underpinnings of rice plant architecture is crucial for developing high-yielding, resilient rice varieties that can meet the demands of a growing global population and changing climate conditions. The objective of this study is to systematically examine the roles of two key genes, SD1 (Semi-Dwarf1) and MOC1 (MONOCULM1), in shaping rice plant architecture and enhancing yield. By exploring the genetic and molecular bases of these genes, their impacts on plant structure, and their contributions to yield improvement, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of their significance and potential applications in rice breeding programs. Furthermore, the study will delve into the interaction between SD1 and MOC1, highlighting their synergistic effects and the integrated benefits they offer to rice cultivation. SD1 and MOC1 are central to rice plant architecture and productivity. The SD1 gene is a well-studied regulator of gibberellin biosynthesis, influencing plant height and stem strength. Variations in SD1 have been associated with the development of dwarf and semi-dwarf rice varieties, which exhibit enhanced lodging resistance and yield. On the other hand, MOC1 is crucial for the regulation of tillering and branching, affecting the number of tillers and overall plant morphology. Together, these genes offer a strategic pathway for optimizing plant architecture to achieve higher yield and improved agronomic performance. This study will provide an in-depth analysis of the genetic mechanisms and practical implications of SD1 and MOC1 in rice, offering insights into future research and breeding strategies.
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