Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 69-79 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 77 The process of effect evaluation involves comprehensive observation and analysis of the disease resistance of transgenic rice. By comparing transgenic rice with wild-type rice or a control group, scientists can evaluate the impact of introducing the Xa21 gene on rice disease resistance. Experiments have shown that transgenic rice shows stronger disease resistance when infected with rice blast, and its disease resistance is significantly improved compared to wild-type rice. This shows that the introduction of disease resistance genes from other plants can effectively enhance the disease resistance of rice, providing a feasible method to deal with disease threats (Ercoli et al., 2022). There are some successful cases of introducing disease resistance genes from other plants or microorganisms to make plants show stronger immunity to specific pathogens. For example, attempts have been made to introduce antifungal genes from Arabidopsis into wheat to improve wheat resistance to fungal diseases. Through transgenic technology, the successfully introduced antifungal genes enable wheat to show a more powerful immune response when infected by fungi, thus reducing the impact of diseases on wheat. However, the application of genetically modified technology still faces some controversies and challenges, including ecological safety, food safety and other issues. Therefore, when introducing disease resistance genes from other plants or microorganisms, the overall performance of the plant needs to be carefully evaluated to ensure that it does not cause other adverse effects while resisting disease. 5 Promotion and Application Field trials are an indispensable part of plant disease resistance breeding. By evaluating disease-resistant rice in actual planting environments, scientists can gain a more comprehensive understanding of its disease resistance, growth characteristics, and adaptability. This study will examine the evaluation of disease-resistant rice in field trials and explore the challenges and opportunities faced by field trials. The evaluation of the effect of disease-resistant rice in actual planting environments is one of the core contents of field trials. By planting disease-resistant rice under real field conditions, scientists can observe its growth status, disease-resistant traits, and interactions with the natural environment. Interaction with surrounding plants. For example, in rice varieties introduced with rice blast resistance genes, scientists will plant them at field trial sites in different geographical locations to observe whether the disease-resistant rice exhibits strong resistance to rice blast in actual rice field environments (Cheng et al., 2021). In a field trial of disease-resistant rice, scientists successfully introduced a rice blast resistance gene and planted it in multiple field trial sites. The results showed that these disease-resistant rice varieties showed excellent resistance to rice blast in different regions, and their yield losses were significantly reduced compared with traditional varieties. This field effect evaluation provides strong support for the application of disease-resistant rice varieties in actual farmland planting. However, field trials also face a series of challenges. First, the complexity of the actual planting environment makes the experimental results more variable. Differences in soil, climate, pathogen pressure and other factors in different regions may affect the performance of disease-resistant rice. For example, the resistance of disease-resistant rice to rice blast may vary under different climate conditions, and trials need to be conducted at multiple locations to obtain a more comprehensive assessment (Eseola et al., 2021). Long-term observation and data collection are also a challenge. Plants have a relatively long growth cycle, especially crops such as rice, which take several months to harvest. During this process, environmental conditions, disease pressure and other factors may change, affecting the test results. In order to more comprehensively evaluate the effect of disease-resistant rice, scientists need to spend a long period of observation and data collection to ensure the reliability of the test results. Field trials also present opportunities, particularly in validating the feasibility of laboratory findings in real-world settings. Field trials provide a realistic, complex farm environment that better simulates plant growth and interactions under natural conditions. For example, disease-resistant rice may face more ecological interactions in
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==