Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 69-79 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 69 Research Report Open Access Molecular Identification and Breeding Strategies of Rice Blast Resistance Genes Jianru Yang Modern Agricultural Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author email: jianruyang@hotmail.com Rice Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.2 doi: 10.5376/rgg.2024.15.0008 Received: 02 Feb., 2024 Accepted: 12 Mar., 2024 Published: 27 Mar., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Yang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Yang J.R., 2024, Molecular identification and breeding strategies of rice blast resistance genes, Rice Genomics and Genetics, 15(2): 69-79 (doi: 10.5376/rgg.2024.15.0008) Abstract The harm of rice blast and the importance of rice have always received widespread attention. This study aims to explore the molecular identification and breeding strategies of rice blast resistance genes, providing a detailed overview. It elaborates on the methods for identifying blast resistance genes, including past genetic research and the application of modern molecular biology technology, as well as molecular breeding strategies for blast resistance. It emphasizes the importance of molecular marker assisted breeding of resistant varieties. This study provides detailed information on molecular breeding methods, showcasing developed blast resistant rice varieties and their applications in different regions. This is one of the main results, combined with current challenges and future prospects, to help readers understand the future direction of this field. This study summarizes the importance of molecular identification of blast resistant genes in rice and molecular breeding strategies for global food security, and how to address future challenges, this topic provides a theoretical basis for future research and decision-making. Keywords Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon); Genetic diversity; Adaptability; Rice breeding; Molecular identification 1 Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa), as one of the world's most important food crops, plays a vital role in meeting global food demand. However, the stability and growth of rice yield are facing threats from a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the diseases that poses a major threat to rice yield. This study aims to further explore the molecular identification and molecular breeding strategies of rice blast resistance genes, and contribute to the sustainability of global rice production and food security. And one of the important diseases that harm rice. Early rice blast occurs in various places, especially ear blast that occurs at the ear neck node of rice and often causes "white ears", resulting in reduced early rice yields and even loss of harvest in some fields. In particular, high-quality early rice, cold-soaked fields and rice blast "old areas" are seriously affected. Because the early rice growing season, especially before and after heading, is a rainy period with high air humidity, which is conducive to the occurrence and damage of rice blast (Tembo et al., 2020). For many years, scientific researchers have been working to identify and utilize genetic factors responsible for rice blast resistance to enhance rice's resistance to this disease. Early research relied mainly on genetic methods such as genetic linkage mapping and cross-breeding. However, with the advancement of molecular biology and genomics technology, scientists have been able to study the rice genome in depth, accelerating the identification of rice blast resistance genes. Molecular breeding strategies have also attracted increasing attention. Through molecular marker-assisted breeding, researchers can more accurately select individuals with disease resistance, thereby shortening the breeding cycle. This strategy not only improves the breeding efficiency of rice blast-resistant varieties, but is also expected to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides, thereby reducing environmental burden (Chukwu et al., 2019). The study is to summarize key research results on the identification of rice blast resistance genes and molecular breeding strategies and to provide a comprehensive understanding of these strategies. Our intention is to highlight the importance of molecular characterization and molecular breeding in improving rice disease resistance and global food security. We will rely on existing research results to deeply analyze the potential of molecular
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