Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 58-68 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 64 Figure 1 Evolutionary model of CTB4a and CTB2 during cold adaptation of japonica (Adopted from Li et al., 2021) The genetic diversity in biological characteristics is also an important manifestation of the adaptability of wild rice. The genotype differences within the wild rice population enable a group of individuals to respond differently to environmental changes. This diversity not only ensures the overall survival of the population, but also provides a material basis for its continuous adaptation to constantly changing environments during the evolutionary process. The biological characteristics of wild rice reflect its adaptability in the natural environment in multiple aspects. This adaptability not only lays the foundation for the survival of wild rice in various ecosystems, but also provides rich genetic resources for the stress resistance and productivity of cultivated rice. By conducting in-depth research on these biological characteristics, we can better understand the ecological and evolutionary characteristics of wild rice, providing scientific basis for its protection and sustainable utilization. 4.3 The impact of human factors on adaptability Human factors have a profound impact on the adaptability of wild rice, and these factors to some extent shape the living environment and genetic characteristics of wild rice. Human activities have altered the habitat and ecosystem of wild rice. The development of land, expansion of farmland, and construction of water conservancy projects have all led to the destruction and alteration of the original habitat of wild rice. This human intervention poses new challenges to the adaptability of wild rice populations in artificial environments, requiring adaptation to new environmental factors. Agricultural activities have had an impact on the genetic diversity of wild rice. Selective cultivation of rice by humans, selecting specific varieties that are high-yielding and easy to manage, may lead to a decrease in genetic diversity of wild rice populations. This reduction may lead to a decrease in the adaptability of wild rice to cope with new ecological pressures and climate change, as lower genetic diversity limits its variation at the genetic level (Chen et al., 2022). The use of pesticides and fertilizers has a direct impact on the adaptability of wild rice. The use of these chemicals may lead to changes in sensitivity or resistance to these substances in wild rice populations, thereby affecting their survival ability in agricultural environments. This human intervention may to some extent alter the interaction between wild rice and other plants and organisms, and have complex and multi-level impacts on its ecological adaptability. The application of artificial introduction and genetic engineering technology has also brought new possibilities for the adaptability of wild rice. By introducing specific genotypes or genes, scientists attempt to improve the stress resistance, yield, and quality of rice. However, such artificial selection and modification may also bring some potential risks and impacts, and it is necessary to carefully evaluate their long-term effects on the adaptability of wild rice populations. The impact of human factors on the adaptability of wild rice is complex and multifaceted. Understanding these impacts helps us better balance the relationship between human agricultural activities and natural ecosystems, ensuring the sustainable utilization of wild rice germplasm resources and the stability of ecosystems.
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