Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 58-68 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 59 We will focus on the application of wild rice germplasm resources in rice breeding. By utilizing the genes of wild rice, we have the potential to improve the stress resistance of cultivated rice, enabling it to better adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions. At the same time, we will also explore the potential value of wild rice in improving rice yield and quality, in order to provide strong support for future rice breeding work. 2 Wild Rice Germplasm Resources 2.1 Definition and overview Wild rice germplasm resources, as an important component of the rice family, refer to rice related populations that grow and evolve in the natural environment. Compared with cultivated rice, wild rice exhibits more primitiveness and diversity in morphology, biological characteristics, and genetic genes. These wild populations are widely distributed near wetlands, swamps, and rivers on various continents around the world, adapting to different climate and soil conditions (Shi et al., 2020). The overview of wild rice germplasm resources includes its close relationship with cultivated rice. Although wild rice plays an important role in nature reserves in ecosystems, its close relationship with cultivated rice makes it an important gene pool for rice genetic improvement. This natural genetic relationship endows wild rice germplasm resources with a richer genome compared to cultivated varieties, and has stronger survival and stress resistance. Therefore, in-depth research on wild rice germplasm resources not only helps to understand the origin and evolution of rice, but also provides potential genetic resources for improving the resistance, adaptability, and productivity of cultivated rice (Xing et al., 2021). From an ecological perspective, wild rice germplasm resources play an important role in maintaining ecological balance between wetlands and rivers. It adapts to diverse habitat conditions, including high temperature, high humidity, and different soil types, allowing wild rice to survive and reproduce in complex and ever-changing natural environments. This adaptability makes it an important component of the ecosystem, maintaining the health of wetland ecosystems. Wild rice germplasm resources cover their growth and evolutionary characteristics in the natural environment, as well as their genetic relationships with cultivated rice. This resource not only provides abundant materials for the study of rice genetic diversity, but also provides important genetic resources for the agricultural field, with important scientific research and practical application value. 2.2 Methods for measuring genetic diversity China has abundant resources of O. rufipogon, and Chen (2001) analyzed the genetic diversity of O. rufipogon distributed on the Tropic of Cancer in Guangxi from a morphological perspective. The results indicate that common wild rice has rich genetic diversity in morphology. Among all common wild rice varieties, the creeping type accounts for 45.11%, the tilting type accounts for 35.00%, the semi upright type accounts for 9.78%, and the upright type accounts for 2.97%. The plant height of ordinary wild rice ranges from 1.30 to 2.50 meters. The DNA extraction of wild rice is the first step in determining genetic diversity, which typically utilizes modern molecular biology techniques such as CTAB or commercial DNA extraction kits to extract high-quality genomic DNA from wild rice samples. The extracted DNA serves as the basis for subsequent analysis, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the study. The application of molecular marker technology plays an important role in the study of genetic diversity in wild rice. Common molecular marker technologies include randomly amplified polymorphisms (RAPD), microsatellite markers (SSR), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), etc. These technologies reveal the level of genetic diversity among different populations and individuals of wild rice by detecting the differences in DNA molecules among different individuals. Microsatellite markers have become one of the preferred methods for studying the genetic diversity of wild rice due to their high variability and polymorphism. They provide highly variable molecular markers by analyzing simple repetitive sequence units in DNA sequences.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==