Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 19-27 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 19 Research Article Open Access Response Analysis of Root and Leaf Physiology and Metabolism under Drought Stress in Rice Yulin Zhu Zicai Shen Biotechnology Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author email: zicai@hotmail.com Rice Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.1 doi: 10.5376/rgg.2024.15.0003 Received: 10 Dec., 2023 Accepted: 14 Jan., 2024 Published: 27 Jan., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhu and Shen, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhu Y.L., and Shen Z.C., 2024, Response analysis of root and leaf physiology and metabolism under drought stress in rice, Rice Genomics and Genetics, 15(1): 19-27 (doi: 10.5376/rgg.2024.15.0003) Abstract The study reveals the complex adaptive mechanisms of plants in response to water stress by deeply analyzing the physiological and molecular responses of rice roots and leaves under drought conditions. In terms of morphological structure adjustment, the root system optimizes water absorption by increasing length and root hair density, as well as adjusting growth strategies; Leaves reduce water evaporation by reducing surface area and adjusting stomatal density. At the molecular level, both roots and leaves exhibit similar and different gene expression patterns, involving pathways such as dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) signaling. Future research needs to address issues such as the interaction between root systems and soil microorganisms, differences in root systems among different rice varieties, and the molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis and transpiration. Through advanced molecular biology and genetic techniques, the search for new drought resistance genes is expected to provide scientific basis for drought tolerance breeding. Deeply exploring the molecular interaction network between roots and leaves will better elucidate the mechanism of rice's drought resistance and provide important support for the sustainable development of global agriculture. Keywords Rice (Oryza sativaL.); Drought response; Roots; Metabolize; Molecular mechanisms 1 Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major food crops in the world, occupying an important position in the dietary structure of the world's population. However, with the continuous intensification of climate change and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events such as droughts, rice production has faced serious challenges. In this context, it is particularly urgent and important to delve into the physiological and metabolic responses of rice under drought stress, especially the response mechanisms of roots and leaves. The impact of drought on the growth of rice is obvious. As an aquatic plant, rice has a great demand for water, and insufficient water supply under drought conditions can directly affect its growth and development. As the main organ for plants to absorb and conduct water, the root system inevitably undergoes a series of adjustments in arid environments to adapt to water scarce environments. In addition, as photosynthetic organs, the drought stress on leaves will also lead to changes in photosynthesis and transpiration, thereby affecting plant growth and yield. The importance of rice in world food security cannot be ignored. It is the main source of food for many countries around the world, providing staple food for billions of people. However, due to the uncertainty of global climate change, the volatility of rice production continues to increase, which puts greater pressure on the food supply chain. Therefore, in-depth research on the physiological and metabolic responses of rice under drought conditions is of great strategic significance for ensuring food security and improving rice yield (Chicago et al., 2019). This study will focus on exploring the response mechanism of rice to drought, and deeply analyze the physiological and metabolic adjustment processes of roots and leaves. By systematically synthesizing existing research results, we aim to comprehensively understand the stress response mechanism of rice under drought stress, and provide theoretical support for future drought tolerant breeding. In addition, by revealing the physiological and metabolic regulatory networks of rice roots and leaves under drought conditions, we hope to
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