Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 12-18 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 16 multiple traits. This strategy is very useful for creating rice varieties with stronger comprehensive performance. CRISPR-Cas9 technology can be used to increase the resistance of rice to various pests and diseases. By editing genes related to resistance, pesticide use can be reduced and crop survival rates can be improved. Rice grows under various environmental conditions, including drought, saline alkali soil, and high temperature. CRISPR-Cas9 enables researchers to edit genes related to stress resistance to make rice more adaptable to these environments (Zhang et al., 2019). CRISPR-Cas9 technology provides an opportunity to create new rice varieties. Researchers can combine the beneficial traits of different varieties to create more competitive and high-yield new varieties. CRISPR-Cas9 technology helps to enhance the genetic resources of rice, including improving the traits of varieties to cope with constantly changing demands and environmental conditions. With the development of various aspects, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has greatly accelerated the process of genetic improvement in rice, providing a fast, accurate, and multifunctional method to improve this key food crop. These application areas demonstrate the widespread use of CRISPR-Cas9 in the rice field, which is expected to provide important support for global food security and sustainable agricultural development. 4 Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Multi Editing System in Rice 4.1 Single gene editing Single gene editing is one of the core applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in rice genetic improvement. This method enables scientists to improve specific traits, increase rice yield, disease resistance, and quality by selectively editing or repairing individual loci in rice genes. CRISPR-Cas9 technology is known for its highly precise and efficient characteristics, which can accurately guide Cas9 nucleases to the desired gene loci for editing or repair. This greatly reduces non-specific gene editing and improves the accuracy of editing. Single gene editing can be used to improve traits related to rice yield. Scientists can edit genes that control grain size, quantity, and distribution to achieve high-yield rice cultivation. By editing genes related to pathogen resistance, rice's resistance to pathogens can be enhanced, which helps reduce the harm of diseases to rice and reduce pesticide use. Single gene editing can be used to improve the taste, storage performance, stress resistance, and other quality characteristics of rice. This helps to meet the needs of different markets and consumers. Through single gene editing, scientists can improve the traits of different rice varieties, thereby enriching the genetic resources of rice. This is crucial for improving global food security. Single gene editing technology provides a faster breeding method, accelerating the development and commercialization process of new varieties (Mishra et al., 2018). With the support of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, the application of single gene editing in rice genetic improvement provides scientists with opportunities for improvement and innovation. The advantage of this method lies in its highly precise editing and efficient performance, paving the way for cultivating more competitive and stress resistant rice varieties. Single gene editing is a key tool in the field of rice genetic improvement, and is expected to continue promoting the improvement of rice yield, quality, and sustainability in the future. 4.2 Multi gene editing Multi gene editing is one of the cutting-edge fields of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in rice genetic improvement, providing powerful tools for improving rice traits and quality. A multi gene editing system allows scientists to simultaneously edit multiple rice genes at the same time. This is crucial for improving multiple traits, such as increasing yield, disease resistance, and quality. The traits of rice are usually regulated by multiple genes, and through multi gene editing, scientists can better understand and adjust complex traits such as drought resistance and stress resistance. A multi gene editing system can achieve efficient and accurate editing, reduce non-specific changes, and improve editing accuracy. This method helps to enrich the genetic resources of rice. Scientists can edit multiple genes in different varieties to create more new variants. By simultaneously editing multiple genes related to yield and quality, multi gene editing
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