Rice Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 1-11 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/rgg 10 Through in-depth research on the molecular mechanisms of these hormone signaling pathways, it is helpful to better understand the physiological effects of high temperature on rice and provide theoretical basis for cultivating high-temperature resistant rice varieties. This comprehensive research helps us better understand the adaptive mechanisms of plants in the face of climate change, and provides scientific basis for stress resistant breeding of food crops. 5Outlook High temperature stress poses significant challenges to the reproductive process of rice, especially during the pollen development and pollination stages. Under high temperature conditions, the development of rice pollen undergoes a series of complex changes, profoundly affecting the reproductive success of plants. During the breeding process, high temperatures have a profound negative impact on the development and pollination of rice pollen. The key stages of pollen development, especially microspore differentiation and pollen grain maturation, exhibit high sensitivity to high temperatures. This leads to abnormal pollen development, decreased vitality, and survival rate, directly affecting the success rate of pollination, thereby threatening rice yield and quality. High temperature has triggered the regulation of hormone signaling pathways in rice. Hormones such as ABA, GA, and ethylene directly participate in the response mechanism of rice under high temperature stress. The increase of ABA may reflect the adaptability of plants to high temperatures, while the decrease of GA may be related to the inhibition of growth and development. The increase of ethylene under high temperature may be a defensive response, participating in physiological and biochemical regulation in adverse environments (Asad et al., 2019). At the molecular level, high temperature has a significant impact on protein synthesis and metabolism in rice. The synthesis rate of proteins is inhibited, and the composition and stability of protein synthesis also undergo changes. This may respond to protein abnormalities caused by high temperature by activating proteasomes and other degradation pathways. In order to effectively cope with the impact of high temperature on rice, future research needs to have a deeper understanding of these molecules and physiological mechanisms. Based on these understandings, cultivating high-temperature resistant rice varieties is an urgent task. At the same time, suggestions for agricultural practice include adjusting planting structures, optimizing agricultural management, and introducing varieties that are more suitable for high-temperature environments. Comprehensive research and comprehensive agricultural management are key to effectively mitigating the impact of high temperatures on rice, which not only helps to increase rice yield but also provides practical and feasible strategies for global food security. Secondly, in agricultural practice, measures such as improving planting structure and adjusting sowing time reasonably should be taken to adapt to high-temperature environments. Introducing rice varieties that are more tolerant to high temperatures is a crucial step, and these varieties should possess excellent characteristics such as high yield, disease resistance, and stress resistance. In addition, farmers can also reduce the negative impact of high temperature on rice growth through reasonable field management, such as avoiding cultivation during peak periods of high temperature, scientific fertilization, and irrigation. In terms of technological innovation, agricultural technology can play a crucial role. We should strengthen research on genetic improvement of rice under high temperature, and use techniques such as gene editing to cultivate rice varieties that are more tolerant to high temperature. At the same time, develop efficient agricultural management software and decision support systems to help farmers better cope with meteorological changes, optimize production plans, and improve the adaptability of agricultural production. Future research and agricultural practices should adopt multi-level and multifaceted strategies to address the impact of high temperatures. Through scientific research and innovative agricultural practices, we can better adapt to climate change and ensure global food security. Acknowledgments The CropSci Publisher appreciates the revision comments provided by the two anonymous peer reviewers on the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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