Maize Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 219-228 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/mgg 226 However, merely knowing that these genes are useful is not enough. How to use it, on which varieties to use it, and when to use it are issues at another level. When viewed in the context of breeding, tools such as gene overexpression, CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and transcriptome analysis are not merely scientific research methods but key paths that can truly be transformed into agronomic traits. These methods share a common feature - they can help us understand more accurately which transport proteins are at work, which regulatory links deserve attention, and also shorten the distance from the laboratory to the field. Of course, promoting such research ultimately cannot bypass the three words "sustainability". Phosphate fertilizer is not unlimited, and global resources are also facing the pressure of depletion. Therefore, whoever can utilize phosphorus more efficiently will take the initiative in future agriculture. This is not merely a scientific challenge, but also a choice made in practice. Continuously exploring the diversity of transport proteins and understanding how they respond to the environment and participate in regulation is a key threshold for our breeding to move forward. However, truly efficient and stress-resistant corn varieties can only be achieved through the joint promotion of this series of studies. Acknowledgments We would like to express our gratitude to the two anonymous peer reviewers for their critical assessment and constructive suggestions on our manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abe K., and Ichikawa H., 2016, Gene overexpression resources in cereals for functional genomics and discovery of useful genes, Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 1359. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01359 Adnan M., Fahad S., Zamin M., Shah S., Mian I., Danish S., Zafar-Ul-Hye M., Battaglia M., Naz R., Saeed B., Saud S., Ahmad I., Yue Z., BrtnickýM., Holátko J., and Datta R., 2020, Coupling phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with phosphorus supplements improve maize phosphorus acquisition and growth under lime induced salinity stress, Plants, 9(7): 900. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070900 Bai Y., Yang Q., Gan Y., Li M., Zhao Z., Dong E., Li C., He D., Mei X., and Cai Y., 2024, ZmNF-YC1-ZmAPRG pathway modulates low phosphorus tolerance in maize, Journal of Experimental Botany, 75(10): 2867-2881. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae068 Beltran-Medina I., Romero-Perdomo F., Molano-Chavez L., Gutiérrez A., Silva A., and Estrada-Bonilla G., 2023, Inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria improves soil phosphorus mobilization and maize productivity, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 126: 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-023-10268-y Cañas R., Yesbergenova-Cuny Z., Belanger L., Rouster J., BruléL., Gilard F., Quilleré I., Sallaud C., and Hirel B., 2020, NADH-GOGAT overexpression does not improve maize (Zea mays L.) performance even when pyramiding with NAD-IDH, GDH and GS, Plants, 9(2): 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020130 Chen Q., Ying Q.H., Lei K.Z., Zhang J.M., and Liu H.Z., 2024, The integration of genetic markers in maize breeding programs, Bioscience Methods, 15(5): 226-236. https://doi.org/10.5376/bm.2024.15.0023 Gong H., Xiang Y., Wu J., Luo L., Chen X., Jiao X., and Chen C., 2023, Integrating phosphorus management and cropping technology for sustainable maize production, Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23(4): 1369-1380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.018 Guo H., Tian M., Ri X., and Chen Y., 2024a, Phosphorus acquisition, translocation, and redistribution in maize, Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 52(3): 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgg.2024.09.018 Guo Z., Zhang C., Zhao H., Liu Y., Chen X., Zhao H., Chen L., Ruan W., Chen Y., Yuan L., Yi K., Xu L., and Zhang J., 2024b, Vacuolar phosphate efflux transporter ZmVPEs mediate phosphate homeostasis and remobilization in maize leaves, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 67(2): 311-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13811 Hu H., Wang Y., Zhong H., Li B., Qi J., Wang Y., Liu J., Zhang S., Zhang H., Luo B., Zhang X., Nie Z., Zhang H., Gao D., Gao S., Liu D., Wu L., and Gao S., 2024, Functional analysis of ZmPHR1 and ZmPHR2 under low-phosphate stress in maize, Molecular Breeding, 44(10): 69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-024-01508-2
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