Maize Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 80-88 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/mgg 87 still in the development stage. The existing haploid induction-mediated genome editing (IMGE) technology can theoretically produce excellent homozygous lines within two generations (Wang et al., 2019), but more optimization is needed for large-scale application. Another challenge is the environmental adaptability of the induced lines, especially in tropical regions, which limits the promotion of the technology (Trentin et al., 2020). Therefore, it is particularly important to develop induced lines that can adapt to different climatic conditions. In addition, the success rate of chromosome doubling is low, and the drugs currently used are toxic. Improvements in this regard are also the focus of future research (Chaikam et al., 2019). The potential of haploid breeding technology is widely recognized, and its promotion is gradually advancing worldwide. Large-scale corn breeding projects have used this technology as an important tool to quickly obtain homozygous inbred lines and improve the efficiency of genetic improvement (Trentin et al., 2020). However, small and medium-scale breeding programs have made slow progress due to cost and induced line adaptability issues. International cooperation may be able to break this limitation and help more breeding projects benefit by sharing technology and resources. Multinational seed companies have already used DH technology to mass-produce inbred lines of maize hybrids (Dwivedi et al., 2015). If these collaborations can be extended to public institutions and small breeders, the promotion speed will be faster. In addition, collaborative research on the genetic mechanism of haploid induction and the development of new induction lines can also make this technology more popular and practical (Prigge et al., 2012). Acknowledgments We would like to thank Professor Luo for her invaluable guidance, insightful suggestions, and continuous support throughout the development of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Andorf C., Beavis W., Hufford M., Smith S., Suza W., Wang K., Woodhouse M., Yu J., and Lübberstedt T., 2019, Technological advances in maize breeding: past, present and future, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 132: 817-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03306-3 Boerman N., Frei U., and Lübberstedt T., 2020, Impact of spontaneous haploid genome doubling in maize breeding, Plants, 9(3): 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030369 Chaikam V., and Prasanna B., 2020, Doubled haploid technology for rapid and efficient maize breeding, Accelerated Plant Breeding, 1: 257-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41866-3_11 Chaikam V., Gowda M., Nair S., Melchinger A., and Boddupalli P., 2019, Genome-wide association study to identify genomic regions influencing spontaneous fertility in maize haploids, Euphytica, 215: 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-019-2459-5 Chaikam V., Molenaar W., Melchinger A., and Boddupalli P., 2019, Doubled haploid technology for line development in maize: technical advances and prospects, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 132: 3227-3243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03433-x Chen C., Liu X., Li S., Liu C., Zhang Y., Luo L., Miao L., Yang W., Xiao Z., Zhong Y., Li J., Chen R., and Chen S., 2022, Co-expression of transcription factors ZmC1 and ZmR2 establishes an efficient and accurate haploid embryo identification system in maize, The Plant Journal, 111(5): 1296-1307. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15888 Dwivedi S., Britt A., Tripathi L., Sharma S., Upadhyaya H., and Ortiz R., 2015, Haploids: Constraints and opportunities in plant breeding, Biotechnology Advances, 33(6): 812-829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.07.001 Gallais A., and Bordes J., 2007, The use of doubled haploids in recurrent selection and hybrid development in maize, Crop Science, 47(Sup.3): 190-201. https://doi.org/10.2135/CROPSCI2007.04.0019IPBS Gupta M., Choudhary M., Kumar H., Kaswan V., Kaur Y., Choudhary J., and Yadav S., 2022, Doubled haploid technology in maize (Zea mays): status and applications, Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 92(2): 283-291. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i3.122539 Jacquier N., Gilles L., Pyott D., Martinant J., Rogowsky P., and Widiez T., 2020, Puzzling out plant reproduction by haploid induction for innovations in plant breeding, Nature Plants, 6(6): 610-619. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0664-9
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==