Maize Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 247-256 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/mgg 254 maize breeding programs worldwide, ultimately contributing to global food security (Yang et al., 2021; Farooqi et al., 2022; Franzosa et al., 2022). 7 Concluding Remarks High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have significantly advanced maize breeding by enabling the identification of beneficial quantitative trait loci (QTL), genes, and alleles crucial for crop improvement. The integration of multi-omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, has been particularly effective in addressing abiotic stress tolerance in maize, leading to the discovery of novel biological markers. Additionally, the development of genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) platforms has provided affordable and high-quality genotyping options, facilitating marker-assisted breeding and enhancing the efficiency of molecular breeding activities. HTS has also revolutionized plant molecular breeding by offering ultra-low cost per base of sequencing and high data output, enabling comprehensive studies in crop genetics and genomics. HTS is poised to continue driving advancements in maize breeding technologies. The ongoing development of more sophisticated and cost-effective sequencing platforms will further enhance the precision and efficiency of breeding programs. The integration of HTS with other breeding platforms and open-source networks is expected to democratize access to advanced breeding tools, particularly benefiting small- and medium-sized enterprises and developing countries. The prospects for widespread application of precision breeding in agriculture are promising, with HTS enabling more accurate selection of desirable traits and faster development of stress-resistant and high-yielding maize varieties. The importance of continued technological innovation and research in HTS cannot be overstated. As HTS technologies evolve, they will unlock new possibilities for understanding and manipulating the maize genome, leading to more resilient and productive crops. The future of maize breeding science holds great promise, with HTS at the forefront of this transformation. Continued investment in HTS research and development will be crucial in meeting the global challenges of food security and climate change, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices and improved crop yields. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Mr Xuan for providing the plant samples used in this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Altmann A., Weber P., Bader D., Preuss M., Binder E., and Müller-Myhsok B., 2012, A beginners guide to SNP calling from high-throughput DNA-sequencing data, Human Genetics, 131: 1541-1554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-012-1213-z PMID: 22886560 Andorf C., Beavis W., Hufford M., Smith S., Suza W., Wang K., Woodhouse M., Yu J.M., and Lübberstedt T., 2019, Technological advances in maize breeding: past, present and future, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 132: 817-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03306-3 PMID: 30798332 Cabrera-Bosquet L., Crossa J., von Zitzewitz J., Serret M.D., and Araus J.L., 2012, High-throughput phenotyping and genomic selection: the frontiers of crop breeding converge, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 54(5): 312-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01116.x Caspar S.M., Dubacher N., Kopps A.M., Meienberg J., Henggeler C., and Matyas G., 2018, Clinical sequencing: from raw data to diagnosis with lifetime value, Clinical Genetics, 93(3); 508-519. https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.13190 Dalca A.V., and Brudno M., 2010, Genome variation discovery with high-throughput sequencing data, Briefings in Bioinformatics, 11(1): 3-14 https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbp058 Dong L., Qi X.T., Zhu J.J., Liu C.L., Zhang X., Cheng B.J., Mao L., and Xie C.X., 2019, Supersweet and waxy: meeting the diverse demands for specialty maize by genome editing, Plant Biotechnology Journal, 17(10): 1853-1855. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13144
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